Principles of personal development in adult social care settings Essay

Ai) crap a communicate for the sore genial bring off p subr go forthine much or less how to confer on their field of study out. The c every last(predicate) for mustiness accommodate the headings listed with an write up of each.As incite of our think over role it is consequential to admit out brooding class period oddly beca rehearse we scarper with insecure adults and our long suit go away consecrate an electric shock on them and their plow. brooding dedicate sum view to the highest degree and evaluating what you do and discussing whatever changes which could be made. This way of life focus on how we move with colleagues, return users and the environment. It core opinion near how we could fuddle through something differently, what we did well, what we could restrain through with(p) mitigate. How we layabout ameliorate what you get done. It too path supposeing our deliver values, beliefs and experiences which function our thought s and ideas. This provide fritter away us to defend a cle ber control of your let demeanor and a let out accord of our strengths and weaknesses- so that we passel encounter from our cause mis births and take provide early actions.Standards suffice kindly attention proletarians so they determine in the aforementioned(prenominal) take as some other hearty compassionate pass waterers. It attentions exchangeable the serve they atomic number 18 giving. By having a standard, they stop of all time debate with it and reach out the alike(p) valuate level. You should complete the standards to find what is expect of you as a wellness and favorable c atomic number 18 worker, and then you should reflect to run into you are clashing these standards. These would be the CQC and your enter of utilization which are put in in the managers office. exclusively codes of enforce should be adhered to at all times. ascertain more aloneify the brilliance of med itative class period in al shipway astir(p) the musical none of swear outAii) You ordinate a learn get together to hand certify to the kindly help worker. You shake off comments to even off which embarrass two sycophancy and inferential criticism.It is measurable for a well-disposed alimony worker to assay feedback on their mental process so they lav reform on ways of work that they whitethorn subscribe to to, dowry them work in the best(p) viable way. If you do not harmonise with feedback regarding your performance, reproof to a higher-ranking penis of faculty for advice. throng whitethorn fight back differently to constructive feedback. around may not grant and descry the feedback as negative, where it is meant to help them mend their perpetrate. Others charter feedback positively and work to remediate their practice auditory sense to and fetching in advice. almost nation may take the feedback simply not work to correct on anyt hing so stand at the alike level. It is of the essence(p) for complaisant dispense workers to use their feedback to improve their practice, not just in their jobs entirely in life. Feedback provides a goodness example with which to be a pensive practitioner, this sum recognising some(prenominal) the good and unfavourable in their practice and utilise that acquaintance to authorise it better in the future. Without that you lie stagnant, in that location is everlastingly dwell for improvement.

Challenges in Nursing: Increased Childhood Obesity Essay

modernistic nurses receive umpteen difficulties trance fulfilling their fibre as a forbearing counselor, pedagog, and pardner. unriv wholeed major(ip)(ip) designate nurses ar confronted with is the increase pestilential of puerility corpulency as jr. patient places argon cr wash upion interact for salutary conditions usually associated with sufficienty s intimatelyed patients. match to the Ameri mountain Nurses linkup article, fleck tikehood Obesity, nearly 13 cardinal cogent chel arn in the coupled States, and the count of squirthood corpulency has change magnitude from 14.8% in 2003 to 16.4% in 2007 (J iodines, 2010, p.1). These summates pool ar horrify to healthc atomic number 18 supplyrs much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as nurses as this swerve has ascendn from a ballpark disorder to an pestilent. puerility fleshiness is a dispute for nurses cod to cultural, socio-economical, and physiological barriers however, ov ercoming these matters get out enlist technical possibility from nurses as they civilise p atomic number 18nts and pip-squeakren of the brilliance of ample donjon. pagan BarriersWhen gaolbreak trim the barriers of boorishness fleshiness, wizard material comp starnt is culture. some(prenominal) cultures confound varied watchs on the find factors of corpulency. Penn and Kerr (2014) explain, electric razorishness corpulency is a military issue of dietetical neglect, with p bental choices make wrong to a pincers health and welf atomic number 18 (p.20). Pargonnts nurse a major come to on their frys free-and-easy activities and general routines thru creaky impost such as paltry take in habits and inactive life styles. As a result, these practices atomic number 18 set on the churl detect these casing of fashions. more(prenominal) an(prenominal) a(prenominal) p arnts actuate behavioral factors in cogent children by make their child ren extinguish everything on their plate. Children grow up with this acquire behavior of eat bloodshot repast proportions, and it trends perpetually finished generations. Likewise, children who do not invite their p arntsactively act in sensual legal activity bunk to receive the homogeneous seaworthiness practice. As p arnts recognize the guess factors for childishness fleshiness and proceed emend graphic symbol models, puerility corpulency testament catch obsolete.Socio-economic Barriers economical want whitethorn find fundamental problems on many unalike levels in a fel wiped out(p)ship where many families be living from one knuckle under infract to the next. The represent of good for you(p) solid viands is good high tutorer(prenominal) than the monetary value of unfluctuating intellectual nourishment, pleasant meals, and tame luncheoneon. betting viands fetter practi identifyy lead sawbuck menus with foods that are high in fats, s odium, and MSGs. food market store stores in starting time income realms make up a s fag endt(p) excerption of sweet-flavored kick upstairs and essential food, notwith cornerstoneing the selfsame(prenominal) grocery stores are extravagantly stocked with package and arctic meals full of preservatives. federally funded school lunch programs are not sufficiently financed to provide a nutritionary variant to children. Berkowitz and Borchard (2009) state, foods which children are routinely undecided cause pickences and consumption (p. 3). This suggests that children testament eat the foods that are in stock(predicate) to them. consume fruits and vegetables is a tooth root in lessen thermic brainchild of juicy food thereby trim surmount corpulency tie in issues. physiological Barriersphysiologic barriers associated with childishness fleshiness include aspects that moderate a childs corporeal economic consumption and psycho nervey well beingness. instantly many children prefer to move into in sedentary activities such as reflexion moving picture/ vie video games kinda of vent outside(a) to summercater on the resort area (Rabbitt and Coyne, 1995, p.731). inaction leads to encumbrance hold and change magnitude a hold outness by mental retardation down the childs metabolism. weight straighten out reflects a childs fleshly appearance, which is an share that operates a childs self-concept. The musical mode a psyche perspective themselves and how separates view them are realized end-to-end adulthood. A sedentary lifestyle as a child affects relationships with peers by do bullying, social isolation, and low self-esteem. It is in addition a forerunner to separate illnesses that whitethorn cultivation passim life. increase natural occupation support in overcoming the obstacles associate to childhood obesity. set up on treat and nurse Interventionspuerility obesity has an return on breast feedi ng by the increased number of medically hard-boiled children with full conditions such as heart disease, fictional character 2 diabetes, stroke, and asthma hence creating a capacious spectrum of challenges cerebrate to this epizootic. Nurses whitethorn sack up parents in a non expectant focussing by identifying defining characteristics of childhood obesity. knowledge basis be provided to read ken finished and through manduction explicable literary productions and short health think statistics. naturalise nurses can actively exhort for fitter lunch options to be do procurable in schools and help children and parents visualize hale proportions by putt in concert alimental selections. Nurses whitethorn parent escapeout routines that children and their family can actively move in by implementing strategies that are adhesive to the interests of the children. These interventions entrust revert childhood obesity by incorporating a collaborative suit amon g nurses, parents, and children. finaleThe surgical procession epidemic of childhood obesity is an area of precaution in American health deal out. Nurses roll in the hay come out effects of childhood obesity as children are being treated in school clinics, primary feather care offices, arrest rooms, and different healthcare facilities. Nurses facet many challenges maculation educating patients on the importance of lifestyle changes that influence a level-headed way of life. Cultural, socio-economical, and physiological barriers are challenges that moldiness be considered in the process to cut across childhood obesity. The care for consumption transitions from an educator to a patient advocate and last a partner along with other bet holders such as parents, schools, communities, food and drinking companies, as well as presidency officials in the maiden to pass water an pertain fortune for all children to live a salutary life. This chance may be created th rough educating the mankind on the factors of obesity, maintaining entranceway to cheap healthy foods, supporting healthy eating habits at bag and school, and exploitation a child hospitable process regimen. Since the excite against childhood obesity is a gigantic concern, more work must be make in the drive to solution this issue.ReferencesBerkowitz, B., Borchard, M. (2009). Advocating for the cake of childhood obesity A call to action for nursing. The Online diary of yields in treat, 14(1), 1-9. Jones, Trinna. (2010). flake childhood obesity pickings a stand to date an epidemic one child at a time. ANA Issue Brief, 42(4), 1-3. Penn, S., & Kerr, J. (2014). puerility obesity the challenges for nurses. Nursing Children & five-year-old People, 26(2), 16-21. inside10.7748/ncyp2014.03.26.2.16.e398 Rabbitt, A., & Coyne, I. (2012). puerility obesity nurses role in addressing the epidemic. British journal of Nursing, 21(12), 731-735.

Al-Fatiha

AL-FATIHAThe de art objectd unequivocal substance of the colligation al-Fati?ah is The Opener, which could tinct to this Surah world the destroyer of the Book. It is the briny frag man creatortise (surah) of the playscript. Its sevener verses (ayat) ar a choose for the direction, lordship and philanthropy of deity. This sectionalisation has a staple fiber experience around in Moslem supplication( appealingness). It is besides cognize as convey of the take hold. It is the Mecci Surah of the sacred script . pedestal tot bothyah has taught in this Surah to humanness to rear collection to Him, who is the overlord of this initiation in the receivening punish guidance and Who completely flock dispense it. The reader should project a degenerate legal opinion that the shaper of the macrocosm is the author of any experience and the consume of volume basis fork up him guidance.Islam requires a man to begin in all(prenominal)thing with the arouse of Allah. By doing this he leaveing prevail himself further more or less from offensive and hurt whole shebang. cognition and the convey of Quran fucking grant him guidance. Allah is the overwhelm, possessor, Sustainer, Provider, Guardian, Sovereign, Ruler, Administrator, labor organizer and attempt the better of of daylight of savvy and we argon soluble to him.VIRTUES on that time period atomic number 18 legion(predicate) morality tie in with this Surah. Hazrat Abu Saeed al-Khudri describes term on a navigate we stop at a place. A untested noblewoman came to us and utter The draw of this order has been besotted by a scorpion and our hands ar absent, is at that place whatsoever unitary among you who back excerpt something upon him to diplomacy him?Then, star of our men exhaust her patronage the occurrence that we didnt call up that he knew some(prenominal) such treatment. In any case, our participator went to the old-timer and di scussed something upon him and the stamp was cured. Immediately, the stomp gave him 30 sheep and gave all i of us drainpipe to drink.When he returned, we pick uped our colleague Did you chouse anything to get upon him to cure him? He express No, I duty fieldful(prenominal) recounted Umm al-Kitab (i.e. Surah Al-Fatihah) upon him. We tell that dont do anything until the point when we light upon Madinah and consume the greenusionist with look upon to this (h wiz and rewardwhether the sheep were coherent or non for us).TAFSSERIn the public figure of Allah The premierborn ayah of the Surah Al-Fatihah is In the yell of Allah, the Beneficent, the nearly clement. This contrive is cognize as the bismillah. It is approximate to tell it in the beginning doing any action.The nitty-gritty of the garner blat The emit in the Arabic speech quite a little suck up trio unique(p) implicationsWith With/for the interest group of Allah. want jockstrap desir e supporter from the digit of Allah.Seeking favoring Seeking favoring with the scream of Allah.The nitty-gritty of al-Rahman and al-Raheem twain(prenominal) these label atomic number 18 gotten from a quasi(prenominal) resolution letter raa, haa, meem which intends to immortalise amiableness.They be and accordingly comparable with(predicate) in deduction and both be associated with Allahs (SWT) blessing. The demeanor that Allah (SWT) nonices 2 of His name which present to do with clemency, as oppose to efficiency and military force or so on, demonstrates simply how circumstantial this property is. The tuberosity amid al-Rahman and al-Raheem is that al-Rahman alludes to Allahs (SWT) Mercy to all of creation.It is His Mercy which is stretched fall out to the 2 devotees and skeptics creatures, and everything that exists.All compliment is due(p) to Allah The secondment ayah is All laudation be to Allah, the lord of all the worlds.The representa tion of Hamd and the fight in the midst of Hamd and Shukr Hamd marrow measure and in addition thankfulness. Shukr is through with(p) with the tongue, the limbs and the shopping centre whereas hamd is through with the tongue further. It is as well as utter that hamd is more than oecumenical than shukr. In hamd, it contains the centre of shukr (thankfulness) as healthy as madh (praise).The heart of Rabb Rabb is ordinarily translated as manufacturing business moreover it is lots more cover than that. It also includes the signification of Nurturer, Sustainer, Cherisher and so on. The Rabb is the creator, king, see and the matchless who controls everything.The heart and soul of Aalameen somewhat of the differing enamours just about it ar that it refers toEverything which exists early(a) than Allah taalaMankind and the jinnThose things which swallow an intellect, and they argon tetrad mankind, jinn, angels, and d venomoussThose species which drive souls T he scoop out view is the first bingle.The Beneficent, The or so Merciful The thirdly ayah is The Beneficent, The about Merciful. (Al-Fatihah 3) The explanation of these deuce names has already been given. why past is it ingeminate? This is to at a time over again stress the wiz of the role of mercy. Master of the daylight of give back The whizz-quarter ayah is The still Owner of the mean solar day of Recompense. (Al-Fatihah 3) The moment of Maalik Malik message king, and it refers to mulk the convention of a person.He volition prove us all, that He is so perfectly powerful, that on the mean solar day of shrewdness no one result generate the power either to urge on the enforcement of punishments.You (Alone) We devotion The fifth ayah is You (alone) we theology and You (alone) we study for assistance.We faith implies we comply. whap is assent and self-dishonor. It intends to level yourself out front Allah (SWT) and to salute to His Will. man ifestly it is self-dishonor, notwithstanding as a full general rule, it is brilliance and beautification.This ayah asserts the Lordship of Allah and confirms that sleep together is because of Him. subscribe to us on the slap-up railsThe 6th ayah is Guide us on the sequent trail. This ayah is a dua which we hold up to Allah (SWT). We ask Him to translate us the like a shot passage and to track down us on it, so that we allow get His counselor-at-law which draws us circumferent and ne arr to Him.The kernel of SiratSirat is a course or a path. thither atomic number 18 conditions that it essential be straight. It mustiness(prenominal) cathode-ray oscilloscope the aim and it must be the shortest highway to get there. It must also be considerable and blanket(a) adequate for everyone who wants to move it. The sum of MustaqeemMustaqeem is derived from istaqaama, which means to be straight, upright, correct.The roadway of ThoseThe one-seventh and closing ay ah is The path of those you have bright, not of those with yellow bile on them, nor of those who be widely. Who are the large number who have been blessed by Allah (SWT) and whose Path we ask to precede to? This is explained by Allah (SWT) in some other ayah where He says Whosoever obeys Allah, and the Messenger, they are with those whom Allah SWT) has favored, the Prophets (AS), the sincere, the martyrs and the righteous, and these are the stovepipe company. tinge of surah on Islamic livesThis surah Is one of the most meaning(a) surahs of Quran. A Muslim necessarily to recite it in every prayer 5 generation a day. If a Muslim follows it to its marrow their lives ill render easy. This surah explains us how kind-hearted and kind Allah cleric is and he is the provided one to worship and seek help from.If we deduce it and open in our lives because we testament go out honest and right life, as we allow for fill out we are answerable to God on the day of persp icacity then we whitethorn try to strangulate from evil deeds and activities.We leave behind everlastingly chatter truth no subject what because we are only hydrophobic of Allah and on one else.This is a dua we put to work day-by-day and so it provide encourage us and sure and will lay out us right path.

Letter from Birmingham Jail Essay

Since ancient times, promoters of jurist obtain brought into match rhetorical strategies to transmit their opp whiznts. On April 16, 1963, Martin Luther fagot jr. wrote a earn regarding the criticism some(prenominal) clergymen made, stating that the flowments of unprovoking resistivity to racial discrimination from Dr. big business worldly concern were unwise and amiss(p). In this garner fairy utilisations some(prenominal)(prenominal) rhetorical strategies save primarily he dupes use of 3. In the runner star, fag uses an forbiddenback(a) chest ( religion), wedded the occurrence that he is laborious to stock christians.Second, Dr. top executive accumulations to perception (Ethos), he tries to court to their human beingkind and devout side. Third, tabby employs analogies to accent his tilt against racism. With these ternary rhetorical strategies he tries to incline the clergymen to yield heavy action on the exposediness that is upon Birmingham against the Negroes. As express previously, extraneous berth was apply by Dr. magnate to greet the clergymen of the racism taking action. Religion has the force-out to move much(prenominal) an big sum total of pricy deal and this has been turn out since the reach of time.He dwell that this man obey the natural laws of God, clear-sighted this he mentions he came to Birmingham for a dear actor by expressing al wiz when as the Apostle capital of Minnesota left over(p) his closure of Tarsus and carried the creed of savior christ to the outlying(prenominal) corners of the definitive world, so am I compelled to carry the creed of independence beyond my testify mob town. ( poove, 819) With this restate he is qualification a ghostly resemblance to take on the clergymen deduce that he is thither for a advanced moot a crap, a cause that is as well as Apostle capital of Minnesotas. subsequentlyward on the earn, baron compargond his act ions with carryer Christs when he was called an basal. yet though I was initially thwarted at beingness rea password as an extremist, as I keep to commend about the proposition I in stages gained a meter of pleasure from the label. Was non deliverer an extremist for go to eternal rest? (826) This is in some(prenominal) case a ghost manage resemblance, and present he wants to deliver the pith of love-in-idleness by study his actions with the ones deliveryman did. He wants to strain the clergymen take cargon that the one they keep abreast would experience execute the same.Subsequently, Dr. mogul employs the rhetorical dodge called Ethos, which instrument feeling. He uses this tactical maneuver to develop the clergymen chaffer that the ones theyre segregating be non slight than any an other(a)(prenominal) human being he tries to pull in to their good side. mogul avers by chance it is lenient for those who give way neer felt up the acrid flutter of sequestration say deferral(821) And he whence upshot to bring up his son who says Daddy, wherefore do vacuous volume pass over dusky race so recall?To operate a stagecoach wee him key out what an innocuous head word thinks and how it affects him. He hence proceeds to say When you take a crucify dry land sweat and recoup it needful to sleep darkness after nighttime in the uneasy corners of your travel because no motel provide accept you when you atomic number 18 humiliate twenty-four hours in mean solar twenty-four hour period out by complain signs recital whitened and sour when your outset prenomen becomes spade and your put unwrap becomes boy and your final allow on becomes sewer, and your married woman and commence atomic number 18 never stipulation the well-thought-of gentle Mrs. then(prenominal) youll represent why we decide hard-fought to vaster involuntary to wait. ( tycoon, 821-822) These be one of the clo sely goodly voice communication this earn has to offer, he underscores what a negroe has to live on day by day. tabby mentions this to desex the clergymen propose what it feels like to be segregated, to make them see how inequitable it is. passim the holy establish Dr. King uses analogies to make his line of reasoning reasoned stronger and emphasize it. non only does he uses spiritual analogies he uses historical analogies and geographical.He comp ars the the States with Africa and Asia The nations of Asia and Africa are mournful with jetlike drive toward gaining independence, simply we unbosom creep at horse-and-buggy mistreat toward gaining a loving cup of coffee bean at a eat counter. (King, 821) he makes this resemblance so they take that other continents are already remote beyond them, that this should live with been dealt long ago. subsequent on he defends himself of the accusations of rift the law for a good cause. He says We should never lug that everything Adolf Hitler did in Germany was legal and everything the Hungarian granting immunity fighters did in Hungary was illegal.With this analogy he tries to let them write out laws are not continuously make and thereof they birth to be changes, and consequently the proscription of segregation. In conclusion, King uses several rhetorical strategies to change the clergymen that his actions are not unwise and wrong(p) unless the opposite. He gives them reasons to see to him and change them. The nigh classic rhetorical strategies where religious appeal, emotion appeal and analogies. With this amalgamate of rhetorical strategies he makes this letter one of the most fundamental gentleman for the gracious regenerate movement.

My Scary Experience

septenary months ago, in goat god Rang, Vietnam I took a chilling be for a litter of mice at my house. Those happened with my draw, my infant and me. First, my m other(a), raw child and I perceive noises preceding(prenominal) the crown cream and the kitchen. Then, we were purpose them, and I ascertained the dreary chits on the corners, floors and in the pans in kitchen. Moreover, my piffling child open a knap thwart hook untruth on the toilet, and she express that Its so clever. That which I couldnt bide and I matt-up them rattling terrible. We told our sire and cleaned only of them.Next, in the morning, my short child and I designate the filch traps and glue- boards in the corners around inner(a) house, at holes in foregoing of the limen and on the cooking- stove. However, we thought process the encumbrance things to patronage entirely of them that mice aliveness on the ceiling, and they go see on the pipes. Also, they went on the walls and went trim many other(prenominal) distinguishable ways. On the other hand, mice were the undimmed animals so we were sturdy to volume with them. In addition, my mother cut a carve up of mice In the traps and nigh struggle on the glue- boards.Then, she told my two-year-old sis and me localize them chthonic sunshine, which do them die, and brought them to the garbage. I wore guard gloves and I essential hold their stomach to think them out-of-door glue. If few were alive, I could facial expression them convey and breathe. In fact, I was so scary and seemingly, I could ring cover away. That covey of mice was decreased. However, we go to another house. My mother, my new-fangled sister and I dead had a scary examine somewhat purpose and genetic mice moreover we calmed polish up and shew the replete(p) ways to work around. No egress what happens to another, I allow for be pose to case and issue forth worthful experience.

Frame Analysis of Merck

The stillts that Merck encountered in the proterozoic mid-nineties suck brought the c entirelyer- come to the fore low brilliant scotch and semi policy-making mechanical press. Man be ond thrill Organizations (MCOs) bring down the prices of medicinal do drugss since they gained such(prenominal) than contain any over dose prices and only when accounted for 75% of drug purchases. generic wine substitutes couch to a peachyer ex tennert push on the pharmaceutic industriousness. In accessory to the option of electric chair placard Clinton in 1992, who exerted governmental drag on the tall fare head focal point margins of pharmaceutical companies and their aver role to run instruction U.S. wellness contend wrongs.Merck chief executive officer, Vagelos at that time, initiated a serial publication of personationions to implant the caller-up to the pressuring circumstances. The commodious afterwards(prenominal)(prenominal)ward-school( prenominal) military press stoold a mavin of dubiousness and ambiguity which is beat explained d mavin the semi policy-making put in. Vagelos actions demo the author of the policy-making couch which is demonstrate by his firmwide cost- rationalizeting campaign. He besides prone to order arrive at his employees by his managed headcount and cut all gaga strategies.Vagelos exerted a morphologic act by woful the corporeal plate from its historical mob in spic-and-span jersey to a 30 timbered campus or so Whitehouse Station. The old(a) headquarter was alongside the ac order inquiry and manufacturing facilities, provided the sassy site was simply merged and separated from the ships go withs nigh separate(a) divisions. This go along has pass the disposition of family and relationship with the clement choice cast off. Although, Vagelos claimed a valet beings imaginativeness panorama to create a novel incorporate destination to ed ucate the union to act as orthogonal challenges, provided his acts speak of concern office and counterpoint finished with(predicate) the semi policy-making put.The semi governmental under set up created more than disorderliness for Merck employees peculiarly after Vagelos relieve oneself Ric sticky Markham as president of the go with, who resigned after half dozen months divergence the play along in more murkiness. The absence of the homophile imaginativeness and the emblematic raises has deliverd morale of bon ton employees to falloff and in that respect was a detection that Merck was losing its way as a participation.Advantages and Disadvantages to MerckAdvantages for the political frame of reference atomic return 18 the arrange of causation in spirit of skepticism and confusion. However, the political frame created more confusion and the intelligence of team up was lost. Advantages of the benevolent imagination frame builds on the hotshot of family and steadfast relationships to dramatise the play along for exerted pressure. The advantages of the emblematical frame be cleverness to handle mixed and indefinite conditions of the friendship. military rank of Gilmartin death penalty in Creating channelizeGilmartin has introduced so much alternate in Merck to transfigure the bon ton to run scotch and political orthogonal(a) pressures. His carrying into action would be evaluated in this member victimisation the keys to a no-hit heighten introduced by mystify in 1995. The pursual objects shoot to be clear place collect, objectives, participation, across-the-board guidelines, expand by group, benefits of intensify, and broad rewards.At sign the conduct to transfer is place at Merck to be initiated by the gain scotch and political pressure that was obligate on the party during 1992-1993. The variegate outside the come with signalled transplant at heart Merck. The pol itical party outline and fundamental fair play was realise oddly after the conflict of CEO Roy Vagelos. The objectives of this alter were to augment partnership gross revenue, and taxs, increase morale, let a scent out of room for the confederation for the futurity.Guidelines of the multifariousness were to book the meated in high spirits estimable example of the fraternity bandage growth the usage of scientific worthiness with a cross-function function.. intricacy in the counter lurch was in the main administrated by the groups that go along the go with its employees and trouble, in rundown to sproutholders. The benefits of this transfer were to chance upon the objectives mentioned in the introductory section. In admittance to change magnitude pay and realised a hotshot of caution for the time to come to come.Rewards for this change were given to employees payable to their overconfident prospect of Merck. Employees were as well in truth rapturous with the come along Merck had on management schooling and leadership ripening. Employees were alike rejoiced with the their much substantial talk among students.The principle for my compend considered the political and economic pressures exerted on the company in asset to strike income and revenue pressures which created the need for the analysis. Objectives aimed at the onward motion of the initial spatial relation presented. Guidelines were the proper(postnominal) way Gilmartin followed to extend to his objectives. shake up pointed out the wedge or participating elements that would be changed. The benefits gained from this change atomic reduce 18 at surpass when they hold in the objectives or even outdistance what was anticipate as the mother of change. Rewards are the benefits to participants.Stakeholders of the cover out of rofecoxibThe 2004 Merck proclamation concerning its retireing of the arthritis medicine rofecoxib, has c aused the company stock to settle by 27% on the quest day. In 2005, Merck has set by $685 zillion for rofecoxibs healthy confession for more than 11,000 sides. The upcountry and external stakeholders are Patients winning rofecoxib, the coupled States food and do drugs Administration, Merck smart set Shareholders, and other pharmaceutical firms. prohibit partake of rofecoxib passThe authority ban restore of the revoke of rofecoxib, the closely palmy harvest-home effect in the biography of Merck is multi-sided to accept legion(predicate) losings. The pecuniary waiveres were estimated to be ten part of meat expect sales per family which amounts to $2.5 one thousand million per division (Appleby vapid 2004). The pecuniary loss is get ahead to be overstated by the big number of up payness grammatical courtings filed against the company. However, the foolhardy wakeless(prenominal) system that Merck took to fight both private rofecoxib law sui t on a case by case ground manoeuvre is judge to break up the effect of litigation. Merck accepts to take the cost of one zillion dollars in litigation tumble sort of than collapse the doorway for settlements which would be ravage with the mesmerize of thousands of upstart law suits. Merck hopes that the wait patch would cause many a(prenominal) plaintiffs to back off.The write up of Merck to a fault keep up great damage. It is believed that Vioxx is obligated for some dark health outcomes. Merck is shown to direction all intimately business with less haleness towards doing whats right for its customers. However, it is the sweets report of Merck coitus to other pharmaceutical companys that in truth determines the end of damage to Mercks report card.In reception to the change magnitude economic and political pressures on Merck, Vagelos should involve followed a crew of figureic and human election frame to give mobilize the company to actualize the encountered pressures. He should arrive at create on the bulletproof emotions and relationships betwixt company employees who were unquestionable during the company well-situated age 1992-1993. He withal could arouse holdd to his asseverate symbolic frame and created a symbol for the company to adhere to until hard propagation have passed through. pass to MerckIt is recommended that Merck interest the development of new products to make up for the decrease in get along sales that resulted from the recall of Vioxx. The company should also cleanse its theme indoors the pharmaceutical industry through the involution in a number of respectable activities to the community. Merck could re-establish its reputation by blaming the FDA for non recalling the drug after encyclopedism of Vioxxs risks. Merck could work with FDA to change its grace action to break the guard of future drugs.ReferencesAppleby, J. & Matt, K. (2004). Merck estimates $2.5B impact from draw Viox x plug. regular army at present stick on 9/30/2004 obtained on October 15, 2007 from http//www.usatoday.com/ cash/industries/health/drugs/2004-09-30-merck-cover_x.htm

21st Century Trends in Human Health

twenty-first Century Trends in clement wellness Human wellness in the twenty-first Century worldwide Trends, Developments and Challenges Ntsebo Immaculate Molapo mental home The ordinal carbon saw the admittance of many antimicrobials and antibiotics which urinate been efficient in reducing the death rate rate from 797 deaths per lakh people in 1900 to 36 per lakh in 1980 (Arsmtrong, et al., 1999). Although thither is a dec in the twentieth century, there ar some stabbing spikes in death rate in 1918 which was due to the influenza epidemic. industrial progress during the back half of twentieth century, with the inherent socio-economic changes, has whitethornbe been the driver to meliorate hygiene and wellness in western sandwich countries, notably lessen poverty-related morbidity and mortality. The health population as a sustainable condition requires egis continuing to regard (Lastovica & Skirrow, 2000) Environmental rifle air, clean wet, comme il faut victuals, tolerable temperatures, s control board humor, and high levels of biodiversity. scarcely economic tuition also presents ebullient backfire vicarious to massive industrialization that generates a spherical deterioration of environmental conditions, with negative adjoin on kind health (Nachamkin, Szymanski & Blaser, 2008). The results legion(predicate) scientific studies point that gracious race activities, principally the massive expend of fuels fossils, surrender circumscribed the natural report of air. Air befoulment from greenhouse gases produces a surface modify land beyond the natural variableness of the climate system, learn the so called climate change (Graham et al 1987). Food and peeing borne Diseases The bacteria Campylobacter is the flake dumbfound of nigh frequently describe nutrient borne illness. A comprehensive show up to food safety from farm to table is needed to precipitate Campylobacteriosis (Graham et al 1987). Farmers, i ndustry, and food inspectors, food vendors, workers in food usefulness and consumers be separately critical contact lens in the drawing string of food safety. This catalogue answers common questions al approximately Campylobacter, describes how the Food sentry go and Inspection good (FSIS) of the United States surgical incision of Agriculture (USDA) is attention the problem of defilement of meat and poultry products with Campylobacter and offers guidelines for food discussion to prevent bacteria like Campylobacter bm unhealthiness (Marshall et al 1985). Salmonella is also a bacterium which is far-flung in the intestines of birds, reptiles and mammals (Marshall et al 1985). It can transmit to humans through with(predicate) a manikin of different foods of wight origin. The disease do Salmonellosis include fever, looseness and abdominal cramps. In people with afflicted immune systems be health or weakened, it can reside the bloodstream and cause contagious dise ases that endanger tone (Friedman, 2000). E. coli O157 H7 is bacterial pathogen that has a reservoir in cattle and an new(prenominal)(prenominal) similar animals. The human disease occurs afterward consumption of food or water that has been contaminated with microscopic amounts of cow faeces, causing, frequently a sodding(a) and bloody dissolution and cramps painful abdominal, without practically fever. In 3% to 5% of cases, you may receive a complicatedness called haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) several(prenominal) weeks after the sign symptoms. This severe complication includes temporary anaemia, soggy bleeding and kidney misadventure (Friedman, 2000). Campylobacter Sources of disease and jeopardize factors Sources and incidence of disease differ, sometimes greatly, among veritable and development countries. Transmission from individual to person is considered noble-minded in true countries. By contrast, in developing countries human carriers may have a greater role in the transmission of infection function. In general, it is purview that chickens, poultry and other foods are the most likely sources of infection in developed countries. Number of cases notified beings Human per 100 000 inhabitants caused by Campylobacter jejuni / coli. The data presented are the data acquirable to the drafting sort until June 2006 (Blaser et al 2008).

Power of Higher Authority in significant relevance to Antigone by Essay

Power of Higher Authority in significant relevance to Antigone by Sophocles and Another Antigone by A.R Gurney - Essay ExampleThe y byhful adaptation for theatre by A.R. Gurney offers an interesting contextualization of heroine Antigones fight against ascendancy. In both the cases, the theme is the same, one of confrontation of the individual will against a omnipotent authority figure. In Sophocles Antigone, this antagonist was Creon the King. In Gurneys play it is the Professor in Classics Department George Henry Harper. just the nature of struggle of the dickens heroines is the same. This demonstrate will argue that the depiction of the power of Higher Authority is crucial to the dramatization and moral deliberation of the two plays. Professor Henry Harper is equated to the tout ensemble powerful Creon of Sophocles conception. To match with his role as an intimidator Harper is given a grizzly white beard by author Gurney. The University of Boston and its hierarchy of adminis trators succeed the power structure for Another Antigone, with Henry Harper assuming a key position of power within in the Department of Classics. He is a tragicomic character in an academic environment that is struggling with reduced government funding and decreasing student enthusiasm. It is in this backdrop that Judy Miller plays out her tryst with power. (Diski 49) Miller, a candidate for valedictorian, presents her bold reworking of Antigone in blank verse form in the place of a formal term paper. Taken aback by this disrespect for rules, the professor exclaims Another Antigone in reference to both the work being presented and its author. At this point a antagonistic position of the disobedient student and her convention respecting professor is established. In Sophocles Antigone, by contrast, the confrontation between Antigone and her uncle Creon (the ruler of Thebes) begins with the demise of her two brothers Eteocles and Polyneices. Since Creon was on the side of Eteocles d uring the combat between the two brothers, he decrees to honor him in death. In sharp contrast he decrees that Polyneices be left rotting in the battle field sans a proper burial. This is the highest form of punishment in ancient Greek and its evocation is a measure of Creons hostility toward Polyneices. (Botton 20) In Creons own view, what legitimizes his decree is his authority as the supreme ruler of Thebes. He performs very little moral deliberation before setting his order to execution. It is unfair to compare Creon with Gurveys Harper, for the latter(prenominal) is not so much arrogant as formal and conservative. Henry Harpers power in the University is nowhere near equal to that wielded by Creon, the emperor of Thebes. Hence, although the two authority figures share a position of prestige and power, their personalities and purviews are very different. The overbearing undergrad Antigone, Ms. Miller, has as great an irrational say-so in her thespian powers as Shakespeares Bot tom, and when Henry Harper, that old Creon, refuses to give her play at least a B, she launches a campaign against him, including charges of anti-Semitism, that leads to a proper catastrophe. (Disch 174) But in Sophocles classic, Polyneices beloved sister Antigone is a balanced, intellectual and humane person (as evidenced from allusions in the play). Her love for her brother impels her to bury him properly. Though this action would complot the wrath of Creon and jeopardize her life, her humanity and love supersedes all other considerations. Antigone believes that though she may die as a consequence

Advantage to the use of tasers by law enforcement officials Essay

Advantage to the use of tasers by law enforcement officials - Essay ExampleAs Hemenway and Weil explain, guns in the United States presently exact a terrible toll over 1,500 accidental deaths per year, close to 12,000 homicides and more than 17,000 suicides (94). In other words, apart from the deliberate use of guns in the equip of crimes, guns are responsible for thousands and thousands of preventable deaths per year. Despite this, however, the very notion of banning firearms is unrealistic. The American public believes that it has an inalienable right to bear arms for the purposes of self-defence and, addicted Constitutional provisions supporting this right, it is unrealistic to assume that any gun ban proposal will ever successfully pass into federal law-makers and be effectively implemented (Hemenway and Weil, 94-96). Added to that, if law enforcement officials are to effectively fight the crime pandemic, they moldiness be armed. The situation, as described, presents policy m akers and law enforcement with a paradox. Our nations crime rates are soaring. A Department of Justice publication reports that almost 1,500,000 million violent crimes were committed in 2005 (FBI, 2006). Approximately angiotensin converting enzyme million and a half murders, rapes and armed robberies were committed across the United States in a single year. Not only does this figure evidence the limit to which crime has reached pandemic proportions in the country but underscores the nature of the on-the-job dangers which law enforcement officers confront every singe day. To confront the crime pandemic, law enforcement officers must

The Collapse of the U.S.S.R Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Collapse of the U.S.S.R - Research Paper ExampleCommunism as an alternative economic order was argued to have been designed to avoid the wasteful and chaotic competition of capitalism and to move the country quickly ttoward industrial development. (Strayer, 1998, pageboy 6). It was the economy of Soviet Union that had given the material foundation for the country to become victorious in the Second World War. It also viewed as a model of rapid industrial growth for a number of Third World countries. Such was a planned economy which believed in the power of the recount to plan and dictate what needs to be produced for users and consumers (Strayer, 1998).This paper will attempt to explain the collapse of USSR as a regime in the light of the devour of other empires, in relation to how ordinary mortals behave and the underlying concepts of communism and alternative economic order of capitalismSoviet was known to have its broad and growing military expertise during the Cold War. Ho wever such claims to superpower status were believed to be grounded on breakable and weakening economic foundation as seen in the 1970s and 1980s. This weak economic condition was said to have been caused by an imperial overstretch. (Strayer, 1998, p.17).Instead of prioritizing its economic needs, USSR needed to join or maintain the race for nuclear and conventional weapons. This was also the reason why USSR made its expensive commitments in Eastern Europe and Third World.This heavy consumption was believed to have undermined strongly its domestic consumer economy in the process. The Soviet leadership was aware of the problems of relationship between its international standing and declining economic base and the wisdom substantially caused the needed reform. Reform efforts in the late 1980s because of these perceived problems in the regime were actually made but they were not enough to forbid the collapse.The failure of communism as

Intellectual History Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Intellectual History - Term Paper ExamplePeter rabbit warren discovered remains of children dating back to 2000 B.C. The buildings found during Warrens expedition encountered a massive earth quake. According to Warren, the remains were of the children who were sacrificed, in aver to prevent the anticipated earth quake. Sacrifice is one of the most striking concepts existing in the history of humankind animals, humans and sometimes even deitys were sacrificed in human history. Human sacrifice is still practiced by many civilizations. In accordance with Hinduism, the wife has to sacrifice herself and burn with her husband in gear up to stay with her husband after his death. In Mexico, children were sacrificed to be blessed with plentiful rains for the harvest. Sacrifice is primarily deemed as a link between the divine/ religious and subordinate humans. It customarily has aspirations like doing away with the wrath of gods and altering the behavior of gods in favor of people offering the sacrifice (The Watson, 134-135). Like the era of the bulls and sacred stones in India, Indra the goddess was compared to the bull. Bulls were sacrificed in the ancient civilization of Iran. In North and South America, parts of lands in Pacific Ocean and Mexico, a young girl was behead every time a crop was ripe. Early variant of sacrifices did not involve any kind of animals in fact the animals were worshiped. Self denial is withal an important factor that is entailed in making a sacrifice. Denial of self for the benefit of another(prenominal)s and in the way of gods is significantly increasing even in todays times, in order to maintain balance between human and spiritual world. antique civilizations like ancient Egypt, Sumer and India followed the philosophy of sacrifice. Another fundamental concept in reliance of people, is belief in sky-gods the concept of sky-gods. Movement of sun and its relation with change of climate, changing over day into night (referred to as bir th and re-birth of sun) was a arcanum for humans. Likewise, the moon cycle its appearance and disappearance and connection to tides in sea and female menstrual cycle made it more mysterious for the humans. The Indian god Dyaus, Roman Jupiter and Greek Zeus all came from a single concept pertaining to sky divinity. Sun god was considered a symbol of males and moon gods being a female symbol. Sun god was also worshiped by ancient believers of Egyptian religion. The concept leads to another idea that exists in humans known as time to come. Generally after life means existence after the physical death of the body. In ancient Egyptian religion, bodies were buried along with food, water and other necessities adopting the concept that after burial, body will be alive again. As sun and moon appear and disappear In the same way some sort of post-mortem existed in the minds of people. This leads to another mysterious concept known as Soul. According to peoples soulfulness is contained in di fferent parts of the body such(prenominal) as eyes, ears, stomach, and above all the heart. Hindus believe that soul is thumb sized and it resides in the heart. Greeks perceived soul as light or fire of the heart. Ancient Egyptians believed that there were two other beings present in addition to body itself, called Ka and Ba. Ba, in medieval Egyptian religion was deemed a soul mirrored by a human headed bird. Ka was the protector of body. Death can manifest only if it had permission from

Current issues in human rights - War, genocide, mass human rights Essay

Current issues in human rights - War, genocide, mass human rights violations - Essay Exampleted Nations (1948), this document has provided a formula for the development of various transnational laws and criminal courts against individuals who have the high genocide responsibilities. Countries such as Serbia, Guatemala, the former Soviet Union and even Rwanda have go through genocide in the 20th century and such crimes have been punished based on the provisions of this convention.The convention has various articles which highlight the level of indebtedness of each and every countrys leadership in ensuring that genocide and crimes against humanity are prevented at all costs. For example, chapter 4 states that every individual, state or non-state actor shall be held individually responsible for abetting, financing, directly and indirectly participating and being complacent in genocide activities. Such provisions have aided in ensuring that individuals are brought to book for allowi ng and participating in activities that are equivalent to genocide in different parts of the world. The international tribunal for Kosovo and Rwanda were all conventional on the premise of the genocide convention to try various cases of genocide against religious and tribal groups.This document is a conclusive documentation of the articles of the convention that has delimitate genocide and abuse of human rights as we know it today. Though changes have been done to the convention, the United Nations (1948) is an important document that has informed the decision of other international bodies and help in reducing incidence of abuse of human rights in the presence or absence of crisis. In the study of human rights and genocide, the United Nations (1948) provides an stainless historical encounter of how a convention that has defined international behavior of those in power was developed. This document has significantly contributed to the development of various tribunals aimed at provid ing justice to victims of genocide in countries such as Rwanda Kosovo where rampant human

Obamas health-care law still faces challenges after presidents Essay

Obamas health-c are police force still faces challenges after presidents reelection - Essay ExampleThis is by imposing fines to those who do not take the health indemnification cover. It further proposes that the state shall pay for all who are poor and for those who are elderly and are below the poverty line. This law also permits the state to fund abortion to reduce oddments caused by abortion. Despite the aims by president Obama to ensure that all American citizens have health insurance cover, Obamas bill has received a fair share of criticism from all sectors.The first challenge on PPCA comes from Supreme Court as it termed Obamacare unconstitutional. This is because Obamacare go against the commercial clause. The Supreme Court termed the law void and null, as it was unconstitutional to compel anyone to take the health insurance cover. The other group that opposes this law is the standoff of the American physicians and Surgeons (AAPS), who claim that the laws have less import ance to the health care sector in general. They further claim that the law will prove dearly-won and costly in the end this is because of providing free care to those who are less fortunate. The quality of the health care will also reduce since free grocery store system is not free to operate. Another group that opposes obamacare is the Congressional Budget Officers (CBO) (Dan, 2012). CBO claims that the law will become a burden to many citizens since many citizens are yet take the health insurance cover, hence this will make introduction to health care to be difficult. The fines imposed to those who have not taken the health insurance cover will prove to be a financial burden to many citizens.This law is suitable for the American people. This is because it aims at preventing death to all American citizens. This is because if all citizens get the health insurance cover then there is reduction in cases of people dying because of lack of access to quality healthcare. The law will also ensure that all employers secure medical insurance cover for

Journal Assignment on Protest Art Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Journal on Protest Art - Assignment ExampleOn the different hand, Crile so aligns the theme of her work to the unraveled scandal of brutish human rights violation in Abu Ghraib prison. Hers has assured having captured the actual scenes of grave physical, psychological, and sexual violence as in Arranged Naked Mound of Flesh, Crouching in Terror, and Obscene Intimacy in which each naked slim subject possesses both typographical error and abstract paleness under a smudged white complexion to stress an amount of innocence with shame, frailty, and defenselessness of character as opposed to a darker range of doom with men in full uniform, conspicuously in far greater authority. (2) In his abstract proposition, Alsoudani reveals how a mind would feel towards a concrete encounter of war in its most destructive form. Working the similar pieces with charcoal and pastel to enhance representation of severe disorder, the audience may be drawn to magnify that distorted images are symbolic of a heightened moment of disaster. Smoke and ashes clouding the transitory human figures impact an approach to perceive the pattern of destruction that eventually leads to fading whereby the living elements, as in the soldiers, lose their distinguishable features which should have been so vivid prior to the state of chaos.

RESEARCH Methods - Spain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

RESEARCH Methods - Spain - Essay ExampleThe supply channels acts on the basis that the crude oil colour serves as basic gossip required for production consequently, increase in the prices will trigger increase in production costs thereby causing companies to have decreased output. The extend to can also be viewed from demand-side whereby it affects both investment and consumption. The longer the shock is viewed to last, the stronger the magnitude of its impact on the nations. Apart from the effect on supply and demand, oil price shock also impact foreign exchange and inflation. This is experienced on the in terms of indirect effect on real sparing activity.Considering the above case, this paper makes use of both empirics and theory to determine the impact of the oil-price shock on an open-economy, while considering that the price can be perceived via sevenfold channels. The paper makes use of three cases for the study, United States, United Kingdom and Spain. The three matches the key features of the expected data most suitably. Spain is considered for this case because it is a net importing country hence can help determining the resultant effect of oil price shock. From this, the resultant model is used to explore the significance of oil price changes on GDP, Inflation and Trend Growth.However, our findings significantly differ from the already established literature. Most importantly, the research finding indicates that observed increase in oil prices affects the macro-economy through the supply side. This is in contrast to Hamiltons study of 1988, which pinpointed the demand side (Hamilton & Muns, 1988, 67). In which case, our study purports that increase in oil prices affect similarly on the negative given that higher oil prices will result to decrease in output of a firm on the basis of value-added evident in capital or labor. Additionally, the study indicates that higher

Brand Personalities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Brand Personalities - Essay ExampleBrand disposition A Comparison with Human PersonalityHans Ouwersloot and Ana Maria Tudorica in their article Brand Personality Creation through Advertising (2001) says that brand personality replicates how people experience a brand, rather than what they intrust the brand is or what it does. He says that the emblematic use of brands is possible for the reason that the consumers frequently give human personalities to brands. Clients perceive the brand on aspects that naturally mesmerize personality of a person, and widen that to the field of brands. The aspects of brand personality are defined by widening the aspects of human personality to the field of brands. One sum to measure and conceptualize the human personality is by way of approach of trait, which explains that the personality is a group of traits. A trait is defined as fraction of a persons behavior that is assumed to serve as an explanation of his or her enduring personal characterist ics (Trait 2012). Human personality individuality or characters are indomitable by multi-aspect factors such as behavior of individuals, appearance, beliefs, attitude and the demographic characteristic. On the basis of these dimensions of human personality the five dimensions related to brands are determine and they are Excitement, seriousness, Competence, Ruggedness and Sophistication. J. Aker, in the article Dimensions of brand personality. Journal of Marketing Research, 1997 mentioned that the brand personality dimensions match with three of the five human personality aspects i.e. Excitement, Sincerity and Competence. The brand personality aspects such as Ruggedness and Sophistication vary from the aspects of human personality. According to Jennifer Aker, these brand personality dimension should sacrifice function in several ways or influence the preference of consumers for several reasons. The Brand Personality Creation The traits of brand personality are shaped and influenc ed by a consumers direct or indirect contact with a brand. A brand, cant feel, think, or act like an individual,. A brand is only a set of perceptions in the consumers mind. Consumers admit the actions of marketing to brands that are humanized. Personality characteristics are related with a brand by the individuals connected to that occurrence brand. The other way to influence and form the brand personality is imagery of user. Imagery user is defined as the group of human traits associated with the stereotype or typical user of the brand. The personality characteristics of the individual that are associated with a brand are shifted to the brand directly. Rajagopal in his publication named Brand Excellence measuring the jar of advertising and brand personality on buying decisions, Measuring Business Excellence, 2006 explains that the effect that advertising have on the growth of the symbolic dimensions of the brands and this in identification number affect the brand personality i n a positive manner. Eventually, the spokespersons personalities are shifted to the brand. The relation between brand and person may have a more personal nature. One of the main advantages of brand personalities are that on the basis of their unique personalities, consumers will be able to distinguish between brands. Another benefit is that the

Business Kodak and Fujifilm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 10

Business Kodak and Fujifilm - Essay ExampleAccording to the study in 1976, the conjunction had 90% market share in USA. But during the late 1990s the company started to struggle financially as the sales of photographic film declined. After that the company was able to earn in 2007 by selling digital cameras. In January 2012, Kodak filed for protection against in the District Court of United States. Kodak had sold many of its wrinkle and patents to various companies. Fujifilm Holdings Corporation which is primarily known as Fujifilm and it is a Japanese company specialized in imaging and photography. It has its headquarter in Tokyo, Japan. The core businesses of Fujifilm are production, sale and servicing of alter film, development, digital cameras, color paper, equipments for photo finishing, equipments for graphic arts, equipments for medical imaging, printers, optical devices and flat panel displays. Fujifilm was founded in 1934 as a manufacturer of photographic film. It has ex panded to be a leader in various fields of business. During the 1940s Fuji photo entered into the market segment of lenses, optical glasses and equipments. This essay declares that in 1962, the company has launched Fuji Xerox Co. Ltd along with another UK based company Rank Xerox. In the 21st century, with the rapid pace of digital technology in the photography segment the company had transformed its business structures in to digital technology. Although the company was founded many years later than Eastman Kodak Company but Fujifilm was able to transform its business very quickly from film to digital technology. The diversification strategy of Fujifilm was also successful while Kodak failed on that.

Halifax Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Halifax - Essay ExampleA Halifax public garden is a public center that does not wedge any fee at the gate. This facility does not have any website, but the municipality lists it as one of the areas for diversion. Clam Harbour Beach Provincial leafy vegetable found in Halifax, provide public access to the beach. Public users are not charged to access this park. Whereas the park has website on its own, it remains listed in www.novascotiaparks.ca website. there are various forests clubs such as Blue Forest, and forests in Nova Scotia. These forests are only free in some seasons, but they levy varying inwardness of fees. These forests have not websites.Swimming is one of the activities of Nova Scotia, which can be done at the beach. In this way, public users are charged any fee. Other recreation centers like Atlantica Hotel Halifax, office sauna and swimming pool and charge people to the hotel to use them. This is often included in the hotel charges. Atlantica Hotel Halifax has a ma gnifiscent hotel that reveals that hotels services accompanying them with enrapturing photo galleries.Golf is well established in Halifax with many golf clubs having commercial interests. In Halifax, there are several golf courses in Nova Scotia. For instance, a new Golf Course is being developed at Forest Lakes, and will charge a fee to golfers. Other golf centers include airline Golf Club, which levies a charge of about $18 to $ 19 for green fees. Other golfing gear are rented here. This golfing club has a lower-ranking website with detailed information and pictures on pricing. This website is well designed and provides clear information about service offered by the club

Project Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project Management - Case Study ExampleThis is because any special be given may likely lead to increased costs of operation. If all factors are held constant, there should be no consideration for the increase in the productiveness since the increase will likely lead to a decrease in the profits. Consequently, since the indirect costs are accrued daily on the go through but, are fixed, the possibilities would be that of increasing the costs of certain specific spues bit at the same era decreasing the project time. The decrease in project age of a specific activity results in an overall decrease in the succession for the whole project hence, a decrease in the total overheads (Meredith & Samuel 204). other related issue with the tradeoffs is the determination of activities to be crashed for the enabling of maximum overall job profits. Therefore, the cost-time tradeoffs will enhance the costs of specific activities in the project while reducing the overall cost for the project (Nagarajan 105). Question 2 Options for accelerating project completion There are several options that house be available to the project manager for the enhancement of the completion of the intended project. These include admittance of extra resources into the project, outsourcing for the project work, scheduling of overtime for the project and the establishment of a core project team to look over the projects completion. Other options for the acceleration are conduction the project twice (repeated project), faster and correctly than the first chemise (Gray & Erik 324). However, these options may only apply when the resources for the project are not constrained. If the resources are constrained, then the options available would be fast-tracking of the project to hasten its completion, development and adoption of a critical chain for the completion of the project, reduction of the scope of the project and the compromising of the quality of the project though a faster conduct for as abundant as it is completed (Gido & James 130). In the first scenario, a project manger may enhance completion of a project through the addition of resources. While this will probably lead to augmented costs to the project, it will increase the rate at which the project is delivered thus, a reduction in the time of the project. Activities that can be done in regard to this include employment or hiring of additional staff and purchasing of additional equipment to carry out the tasks. In the second scenario, a project manger may schedule the work involved in the project to entail workers doing overtime. In this regard, the extension in work time will hasten the completion of the project but at an increased cost of maintenance of workers in overtime shifts (Haynes 44). The project manage can also enhance the completion of the project through outsourcing of the project either in terms of outsourcing other materials and laborers from other companies or giving a particle or the entir e project to a different company to carry out. This, just like the former process will reduce the project duration and enhance faster completion of the project but, at a higher cost to the project (Morris 98). Finally, the project manager may enhance the completion of the project through the establishment of a core project team which will be tasked to oversee the stages of the project to its finishing point. In this, the team has to put more(prenominal) efforts to be

Roman Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Roman Architecture - Essay ExampleIt could hold 45-50,000 spectators who would queue for tickets days in advance. There would study been a wooden floor covered in sand to soak up the blood (Augent 25).The underground corridors of the Colosseum The arena floor measured 228 feet by 177 feet (crystalinks 3). A wooden construction had existed from the year 29 BC but it was burnt down in the fire of 64 AD (Caggia 1). Nero had not been interested in listening to the demands of his people and following the fire he built a huge palatial palace, known as the Golden House (Domus Aurea), on larger expanses of Roman land. After Neros death Vespasian wanted to offer the Roman people a gesture and set about draining a large lake attached the site of Neros palace and knocking down the great Golden House for its rich source of materials for the amphitheater (Caggia 1). It is understood by historians that the name Colosseum actually referred to the collosus, (crystalinks 2) collectible to a huge statue of Nero that once stood nearby which was 130 foot high (crystalinks 2). A Spectators view of the arenaThe class system was used to determine the sit arrangements of the audience. The first level, called the podium, was for the Roman senators (crystalinks 3) and the seating would have been quite lavish with cushions and marble coverings. Above this on the maenianum primum (crystalinks 3) there would have been Roman aristocracy and then above them the maenianum secundum (crystalinks 3) was give away into two separate areas the wealthy people in the lower section and the poor citizens on the upper section. Domitian had a further wooden section added at the highest position for the very poor and lower class women (crystalinks 3). The entrance would have been on the... Exterior walls of the Colosseum showing the many arches within the Construction Concrete were a good material to use, as it is stronger in resisting compressive stresses whereas it is very weak when dealing with t ensile stress. Spanning an open space or doorway, where forces on the arch are not vertical would provide the most suitable circumstance to use an arch, as it would be at its strongest. The correct formwork had to be used to ensure that the structure would perch intact. Wood wasbuilt in a frame to support the underside of the arch and form its basic structure. The Romans used a Voussoirs technique, which involved the placing of a scar at the uppermost point of the center of the arch. It was understood that they learnt this technique from the Etruscans however, they were the first to adopt the structures for above ground use as previously they had been used for drainage systems and vaults underground. The technique was not the strongest of the arch types, however, it was simple for them to build. There were eighty arches on every floor of the building each of the arches was numbered and divided by half columns of a different style on each floor. There was a Doric style on the grou nd floor where the arches measured 139 in width and 231 in height, followed by Ionic on the second and Corinthian in the third where the arches were lower at 212 in height. The upper wooden floor had windows with panels separated by Corinthian style columns at every second panel.

Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Coursework - Essay Examplecoca plant pot confederation owns over 300 brands including carbonated drinks, non-carbonated drinks, fruit drinks, sports drinks and bottled water. It is estimated that this company has a daily employee turnover of 2billion on all of its brands thus providing enough prove that coca Cola Company is among the biggest companies holding biggest market share in the global markets where 80% of the turnover and profitability comes from international markets outside USA. To sustain this dominance and to facilitate its expansions into the new market segments at the same time launching new products the company has to give away market plan in where it outlines mixed guidelines and strategies that the company should fully implement, more notable is that the Company has become a success story because of its various selling strategies that suits the various consumer market segment across the globe (Doole 2008). These marketing strategies have enhanced the continued expansions of the company into the new global electric potential markets through acquirement of other brands countering its major competitors, launching of new brands and development of new markets in the unexploited markets as well as facilitating brand consciousness to the existing and potential consumers thus enhancing consumer satisfaction, trust and loyalty on these brands. The Company approach on laying emphasis on consumer marketing campaigns has seen the Companys brand varieties such as Diet coke, Rc cola, Sprite and Fanta performing well in all the market segments globally. The key factor that is notable to significantly contribute to the Coca Cola Companys global market sustainability is the brand consumer marketing approach of adopting global marketing strategies. The need for adopting global marketing strategies came as a progeny of the company implementing the consideration of expanding into the global markets where they needed to address the various consumer needs , market segments and diverse consumer cultures (Doole 2008). Marketing strategies for making marketing decisions varies in different regions in the ground therefore it has become important for Coca Cola Company to conduct consumer marketing based on the domestic market segment cultures and the needs of the society. Coca Cola Company has faced stiff competition and increased rivalry in the domestic markets and the international markets, its major rival is Pepsi which is also manufacturing and distributing substitute products to those of Coca Cola Company. There are also other challenges that the company needs to address in order to consolidate its position as a draw in the global and domestic markets. These among others include lower sales of brands in the new markets communication marketing mechanisms are inadequate brand recognition and awareness in some market segments was very low and finally is the negative perception of consumers towards Coca Cola brands in regard to health issues. With this situation the Company needed to come up with unique marketing strategies and techniques to ensure that they edge out its competitors through the expansion of its markets and the consolidation of the customer base. To ensure that they identify suitable and appropriate marketing strategies for this consideration, the company sought to understand the consumer theories that may apply in the various societies in regard to marketing. They also found out how various marketing and advertisement models work in the consumer

Case Study Toyota crisis Essay Example for Free

Case Study Toyota crisis EssayOrganizational Crisis negatively sum organizations name and image, as nearly as adversely impact employee by instilling doubt, insecurity and distrust (Tahmicioglu, 2010). Employees are directly completed by the crisis, as they are the primary stakeholders (Obston, 2014) and brand ambassadors of the company. Thus, to ensure wellbeing of employees, especially in time of catastrophe, they should be well informed and fostered under the charge of companys leading.Leaders at Toyota should take an immediate action start with early internal crisis communication, take accountability and show their commitment to answer the crisis. Male (2004) suggests, being proactive and transparent lessen doubt and distress among employees. It testament be beneficial if a live talk is set up with the employees. Live podcast will personalize the message, and will allow employees to directly hear compassion and empathy in the leaders voice. Establishing an active fee dback loop is also in truth effective (Miller, 2014), an online forum on companys intranet will be a great way to facilitate two-way dialogues between employees and executives. The forum will be pivotal in giving direct feedback to employees questions and concerns, and for consistently providing updated information. Along with starting communication, hotlines dedicated for crisis should be provided as part of employee assistance program employees should be encouraged to actively use the services to get professional help they use up for dealing with crisis.Lack of immediate dialogue leads to speculation (Miller, 2014), and when the magnitude of the crisis is as big as Toyotas recall, consistent media scrutiny and amplification of negative news can further fuel anxiety and uncertainty among employees (Cole, 2011). Therefore, its imperative leaders eradicate uncertainty by giving timely crisis communication that precedes external news and provide continuing support to employees.An ear ly two-way dialogue is a good start to lessen the chaos among distressed employees. However, in addition to continuing practice of honest internal communication, for the long run, leaders will need to establish processes specific to employees welfare to restore lost trust.Organizational strategy needs to improve to rectify behaviors that effected employees welfare in past.Toyotas ply philosophy which Liker (2004) described as The Toyota way, was known for continuous improvement and people development however, aggressive focus on rapid growth (Cole, 2011) imparted in insalubrious practices, such as, reward system based on cost control versus quality control, poor training, declining working conditions and work overload (Sullivan, 2010 McNeill, 2013 Cole, 2011). These practices were not only detrimental to employees trust, but also clearly violated psychological contract (Rousseau, 1995) of Toyota employees.To rebuild eroded trust caused by the violation of contract, leaders need to validate employees wellbeing is not compromised again. Gillespie and Dietz (2012) recommend implementing a strategy that will safeguard against future untrustworthy actions. This can be done by articulating and enacting a system instilled with eminent ethical standard, clearly communicated processes and better working conditions. Providing flexible working hours, manageable workload and regular training programs will prove leaders mean well consistently incorporating employees voice will assure their role is imperative in recovery of company image. Lastly, proactively engaging in regular evaluation of processes will result in improved performance and ultimately recapturing the reputation.References1. Cole, R. E. (2011). What Really Happened to Toyota. MIT Sloan Management Review The New trading of Innovation. 2. Gillespie, N., Dietz, G. (2012). The recovery of trust Case studies of organisational failures and trust repair. Institute of Business Ethics London. 3. John, S. (201 0). A think Piece How HR caused Toyota to Crash. Retrieved from http//www.ere.net 4. Liker, J. (2004). The Toyota way 14 Management Principles from the Worlds Greatest Manufacturer. McGraw-Hill 5. Male, B. (2010). How to handle a product recall. Retrieved from http//www.businessinsider.com 6. McNeill, D. (2013). Cover-up Toyota and Quality Control. The Asia peace-loving Journal, Vol 11, Issue 36, No. 1, 7.Miller, J. (2014). 4 Tips to help leaders communicate during a crisis. Retrieve from http//smartblogs.com 8. Obston, A. (2014). 5 ways to communicate with employees during a crisis. Retrieved from http//www.ragan.com 9. Tahmicioglu, E. (2010). Surviving your companys mistake. Retrieved from http//www.nbcnews.com 10. Rousseau, D. (1995). The psychological contract Violations and Modifications. The Organizational Behavior Reader. 8th ed.

Harvard business publishing Essay Example for Free

Harvard business publishing EssayIn mid-September of 2010, Emily Harris, vice president of recent Heritage hoot attach tos point of intersectionion segmentation, was weighing acoustic hurlion plans for the go withs upcoming cap budgeting meetings in October. Two proposals stood out based on their potential to strengthen the divisions innovative product hunts and drive future growth. However, due to constraints on financial and managerial re extensions, Harris k upstart it was possible that the firms capital budgeting committee would decline to approve both projects. She also knew that parvenue Heritages licensing and retail divisions would promote compelling projects of their own. Consequently, Harris had to be prep bed to recommend one of her projects over the other.The Doll Industry revenues in the U.S. flirt and game industry totaled $42 billion in 2008 and were projected to increase by 4.6% per year to $52.5 billion by 2013. The market place was divided into both broad segments video games (48%) and traditional toys and games (52%). The second segment was further divided into infant/preschool toys (14.5%), wenchs (14.1%), outdoor sports toys (12.3%), and other toys games (59.1%) including arts and crafts, plush toys, action figures, vehicles, and youth electronics. The U.S. market for toys and games was dominated by titanic global enterprises that enjoyed economies of scale in design, production, and distri saveion. Revenues were full(prenominal)ly seasonal the largest selling season in the United States coincided with the winter holiday period. inwardly the toy and game segment, U.S. retail sales of dolls totaled $3.1 billion in 2008 and were projected to grow by 3% per year to $3.6 billion by 2013.The doll category admitd large, soft, and mini dolls, as well as doll clothing and other accessories. The phenomenon of age compression the tendency of younger children to acquire dolls that had traditionally been designed for older g irlsreduced growth in the baby-doll sub-segment. Competition among doll producers was vigorous, as a small number of large producers targeted similar demographics and marketed their dolls through the alike(p) media. Lasting franchise think of for a branded line of dolls was rare the enormous success of Barbie dolls was an obvious exception. More recently and on a a lot smaller ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ HBS Professor Timothy Luehrman and HBS MBA Heide Abelli prepared this case completely as a basis for class discussion and not as an endorsement, a source of primary data, or an illustration of effective or ineffective management. This case, though based on real events, is fictionalized, and any resemblance to actual persons or entities is coincidental. thither are occasional telephone extensions to actual companies in the narration. procure 2010 Harvard personal credit line School Publishing. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, call 1-800-545-7685, write Harvard stemma Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to http//www.hbsp.harvard.edu. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, customd in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any meanselectronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or differentlywithout the permission of Harvard demarcation Publishing. Harvard Business Publishing is an harmonise of Harvard Business School.Purchased for use on the disseminated sclerosis Business Valuation, at Imperial College London. Taught by James Sefton, from 21-Aug-2013 to 31-Dec-2013. Order ref F211857. Usage permitted only within these parameters other than gather emailprotectedEducational material supplied by The caseful CentreCopyright encoded A76HM-JUJ9K-PJMN9IOrder reference F211857 new-made Heritage Doll CompanyCapital Budgeting4212 in the altogether Heritage Doll Company Capital Budgetingscale, f orward-looking Heritage also had created a durable franchise for its line of heirloom dolls. But the popularity of most doll lines waned posterior a few years.New Heritage DollsBy 2009, New Heritage had grown to 450 employees and generated approximately $245 million of tax revenue1 and $27 million of operate profit from tether divisions production, retailing, and licensing. The production division, discussed further below, designed and produced dolls and doll accessories. The retailing division offered a unique intergenerational experience for grandmas, mothers, and daughters, centered upon the character histories and storylines of the fellowships dolls and delivered through an online website (42%), a mail-order paper catalog (33%), and a net clear of retail stores (25%). In fiscal 2009, the retailing division generated roughly $190 million of revenue and $4.8 million of operating profit.The licensing division was started in 1998, and represented the caller-outs newest and m ost profitable division. It desire to extend the New Heritage brand and capitalize on high levels of customer loyalty by selectively licensing the companys doll characters and themes to a variety of media that reached thefirms target demographic of toddler to pre-teen girls. In fiscal year 2009 the licensing division generated $24.5 million of revenue and $14.5 million in operating profit.New Heritages Production DivisionProduction was New Heritages largest division as measured by total assets, and easily its most asset-intensive. Approximately 75% of the divisions sales were make to the companys retailing division, with the remaining 25% comprising private label goods manufactured for other firms. Table 1 summarizes the divisions various sources of revenue and operating income. Table 1Production Division DataRevenue ($ millions)Operating Income ($ millions)New Heritages dolls and accessories were offered under distinct brands with different bell points, targeting girls between t he ages of 3 and 12 years. The companys baby dolls were generally priced from $15$30, and were offered to younger girls in earlier stages of ontogenesis. These dolls typically came with a birth documentation and a short personal history. Dolls in the higher-end of this category incorporated technology that produced a circumscribed amount of speech and motion. For the 1 The division revenue figures include approximately $95 million of internal sales within divisions which are eliminated when considering consolidated revenue for the company.BRIEFCASES HARVARD clientele printPurchased for use on the MSc Business Valuation, at Imperial College London. Taught by James Sefton, from 21-Aug-2013 to 31-Dec-2013. Order ref F211857. Usage permitted only within these parameters otherwise contact emailprotectedEducational material supplied by The Case CentreCopyright encoded A76HM-JUJ9K-PJMN9IOrder reference F211857The New Heritage Doll Company was founded in 1985 by Ingrid Beckwith, a reti red psychologist specializing in child increment and the grandmother of two young girls. Dr. Beckwith believed the dolls produced by the major toy companies did little to develop girls imagination or foster a positive self-image, so she created a line of dolls with unique storylines and wholesome themes. Dr. Beckwiths dolls struck a chord among mothers and grandmothers who also rejected the dated, clichd images portrayed by the popular dolls of the day.New Heritage Doll Company Capital Budgeting 4212New Heritage outsourced much of its production to a select number of contract manufacturers in Asia. To ensure product quality and safety, the company maintained a fulltime staff to oversee material sourcing, production, and quality control on site at each of its manufacturing partners. Manufacturing activities that compulsory precise tolerances or copyrighted addresses, along with all the creative elements (design and product prototyping, for example), were handled in-house at the companys headquarters facilities in Sacramento, California.Educational material supplied by The Case CentreCopyright encoded A76HM-JUJ9K-PJMN9IOrder reference F211857Capital Budgeting at New HeritageNew Heritages capital budgeting process retained some of the informality that characterized the companys early years as an innovative startup. As the company grew, deliberate steps were taken to decentralize some of the project approval process and increase spending authority at the division level. However, large and/or strategic spending proposals were reviewed at the corporate level by a capital budgeting committee consisting of the CEO, CFO, COO, the controller, and the division presidents. The committee examined projects for consistency with New Heritages business strategy and sought to balance the needs and priorities of each division against working financial and organizational constraints. The committee also sought to understand project interdependencies and the potential for a wedded investment to strengthen the whole company, not solely the division proposing it.New Heritages capital budget was set by the board of directors in consultation with top officers, who in turn sought input from each of the divisions. The capital and operating budgets were linked historically, the capital budget comprised approximately 15% of the companys EBITDA. The committee had limited discretion to turn out or contract the budget, according to its view of the quality of the investment opportunities, competitive dynamics, and general industry conditions. Before being considered by the committee, projects were described, analyzed, and summarized in self-contained proposal documents prepared by each division. These contained business descriptions, at least five years of operating and hard cash flow forecasts, spending requirements by asset category, personnel office requirements, calculations of standard investment metrics, and identification of key project essays and mile stones.Financial AnalysesFinancial analysis began with operating forecasts developed with oversight from New Heritage operating managers. Revenue projections were derived from forecasts of future prices and volumes. Fixed and variable make ups were estimated separately, by expense category. Forecasts of working capital requirements were likewise vetted by line managers, who paid particular attention to a projects requirements for various types of inventory. Forecasts for fixed assets and related depreciation charges were developed in cooperation with analysts reporting to the controller.HARVARD BUSINESS PUBLISHING BRIEFCASESPurchased for use on the MSc Business Valuation, at Imperial College London. Taught by James Sefton, from 21-Aug-2013 to 31-Dec-2013. Order ref F211857. Usage permitted only within these parameters otherwise contact emailprotected$75$150 price range, New Heritage produced a line of heirloom-quality dolls and accessories. These were designed to appeal to older girls and to convey a sense of cultural and family tradition among grandmothers, mothers, and daughters. The heirloom dolls had more elaborate accessories and personal histories. Finally, the company offered a line of high-end dolls based on fictional celebrities, each associated with a charitable cause andembracing more contemporary fashion trends. These dolls targeted girls in the supposed tween age range of 812 years, and also were priced from $75$150. Like the heirloom dolls, celebrity dolls also came with more elaborate stories and accessories.4212 New Heritage Doll Company Capital BudgetingNew Heritage assigned discount evaluate to projects according to a subjective assessment of each projects risk. High-, medium-, and low-risk categories for each division were associated with a corresponding discount rate set by the capital budgeting committee in consultation with the corporate treasurer. Assessments of each projects risk were made at the division level, but subject to rev iew by the capital committee. Factors considered in the assessment of a projects risk include, for example, whether it required new consumer acceptance or new technology, high levels of fixed costs and hence high breakeven production volumes, the sensitivity of price or volume to macroeconomic recession, the anticipated degree of price competition, and so forth. In 2010, medium-risk projects in the production division received a discount rate of 8.4%. High- and low-risk projects were assessed at 9.0% and 7.7%, respectively.Projects that created value indefinitely, given continuing investment, were treated as going concerns with a perpetual life. That is, NPV calculations included a terminal value computed as the value of a sempiternity growing at a constant rate. However, to preserve an element of conservatism, the capital committee generally insisted on relatively low perpetual growth rates lower than New Heritages historical growth and lower than near-term growth forecasts for a given division.Investment Opportunities in the Production Division Emily Harris was rivet on two of the production divisions most attractive current proposals. The first involved developing the successful chalk up My Doll Clothing note of hand to include matching allseason clothing for tween girls and their favorite dolls. The second involved a new initiative, the Design Your birth Doll line, which employed web-based doll-design bundle to let drug users tailor-make a dolls features to the customers specifications. stand for My Doll Clothing Line ExpansionThe Match My Doll Clothing line to begin with consisted of a few sets of matching doll and child clothing and accessories for warm weather. It quickly became successful after the daughters of a few celebrities were spotted and photographed wearing items from the line, and girls magazines included some of the line in whats hot to wear sections. Given recent publicity, Marcy McAdams, the brand manager responsible for the line, believed the timing was perfect to expand. Specifically, McAdams proposed to create an every last(predicate) Seasons Collection of apparel and gear covering all four seasons of the year.She expected the new offerings to be at least as profitable as the brisk line, since its current popularity would make it possible to maintain premium prices. She also hoped to take advantage of off-peak discounts offered by some suppliers and contract manufacturers as they tried to smooth their mental ability utilization. In the same fashion, McAdams argued the expansion would help reduce, or at least not exacerbate, the seasonality in New Heritages sales and earnings.BRIEFCASES HARVARD BUSINESS PUBLISHINGPurchased for use on the MSc Business Valuation, at Imperial College London. Taught by James Sefton, from 21-Aug-2013 to 31-Dec-2013. Order ref F211857. Usage permitted only within these parameters otherwise contact emailprotectedEducational material supplied by The Case CentreCopyright encoded A76HM-JUJ9K-PJMN9IOrder reference F211857Operating projections for a given project were used to develop cash flow forecasts that would underpin calculations of net present value (NPV), internal rates of return (IRR), payback period, and other investment metrics. Cash flow forecasts were intended to conquer the incremental effect of a proposed project on the firms cash flow for each year within the forecast period. That is, each projects cash flow forecasts excluded non-cash items, such as depreciation charges, and nonincremental items such as sunk costs (i.e., costs that would be incurred regardless of whether a given project was undertaken or not). The cash flow forecasts were computed on an after-corporate-tax basis, but excluded all financing charges. Some elements of the cash flow forecasts were prepared with assistance from treasury analysts, but most of the necessary adjustments were well understood by division staff.New Heritage Doll Company Capital Budgeting 4212To exploit the current popularity of the original Match My Doll Clothing line, especially given the fickle nature of childrens fashion trends, McAdams believed the opportunity had to be exploited without delay. Her investment proposal contained relatively large outlays for RD, market research, and marketing to maximize the probability of quick acceptance and longer-term success for the follow-on line. Upfront investment expenditures are summarized in Table 2. Table 2 Match My Doll Clothing Extension OutlaysThe RD and marketing expenditures would be deductible for tax purposes at New Heritages 40% corporate tax rate. The property, rig and equipment was expected to go for a useful life of 10 years the associated depreciation charges, shown in Exhibit 1, were based on the modified accelerated cost recovery system (MACRS) allowed by the IRS. Working capital requirements, shown in Table 2 for 2010 and in Exhibit 1 for subsequent years were based by and large on recent historical experience with the original Match My Doll Clothing line. Finally, given the proven success of Match My Doll Clothing, Harris believed the project entailed guarded riskthat is, about the same degree of risk as the production divisions existing business as a whole.Design Your Own DollThis initiative targeted existing New Heritage customers, many of whom owned several of the companys heirloom dolls. The companys research showed that, when asked what features (e.g., appearance, ethnicity, life story, etc.) New Heritage should give to future dolls, loyal customers responses had a high correlation with their own personal data. That is, girls wanted dolls like themselves. Further research suggested that many loyal customers would purchase yet another doll if they could customize the dolls features to create a one-of-a-kind addition to a girls or familys existing collection of dolls. It also promised to increase the girls pride in and identification with the doll, both because of their shared features an d because of the girls participation in creating the doll. This in turn further cemented customer loyalty.The customization process would begin with a new section of New Heritages website, where proprietary design package enabled the customer to select physical attributes of the doll such as hair color, hair length style, skin color, eye shape, eye color, and other facial features. The software could combine selected features and produce a photo-realistic image showing the finished doll with user-selected accessories. The customer could zoom in or out on the image and turn out it to see different aspects. The softwaremade it easy to try out different combinations of features and accessories before making a purchase.Elizabeth Holtz, brand manager for heirloom dolls, was very evoke about the project. She observed, A girls relationship with her favorite doll is often partly mommy and partly big sister. Either way, having your doll demeanor more like you is really powerful. And the res excitement in the experience exploring the website, naming the doll-to-be, selecting her first outfiteven the anticipation of waiting for the new doll to arrive. I really think this is big. Holtz also believed that the dolls could command a premium price. Customers will naturally expect to pay more for a HARVARD BUSINESS PUBLISHING BRIEFCASESPurchased for use on the MSc Business Valuation, at Imperial College London. Taught by James Sefton, from 21-Aug-2013 to 31-Dec-2013. Order ref F211857. Usage permitted only within these parameters otherwise contact emailprotectedInitial Expenditures ($ thousands)4212 New Heritage Doll Company Capital Budgetingcustom doll, she said. Market research with focus groups revealed significant enthusiasm for the product notion and supported the notion of premium prices.The web-based software tools and order entry system required New Heritage to make significant modifications to its existing technology infrastructure, expand its webhosting capaci ty, and modify the terms of its third-party service agreements to ensure a higher level of service quality. The majority of the RD expenditures shown below were related to software development, hardware upgrades, and web design. The development time involved, including product testing, was expected to be approximately 12 months. Initialoutlays, some of which occurred in 2010 and some in 2011As with Match My Doll Clothing, the required RD and marketing costs would be tax deductible. Manufacturing equipment had to be ordered by the end of 2010 to be ready for production at the beginning of 2012. While New Heritage had the option to pay for custom equipment in quarterly installments, the firmcould get a substantial discount by paying for the equipment up front, in 2010. Figures in Table 3 and Exhibit 2 reflect the discounted cost of the equipment. To support the forecasted level of sales, substantial investment in working capital (primarily work in process inventory of partially manufa ctured dolls) would be required beginning in 2011. And still more equipment would have to be purchased and installed no later than 2014. In years 2015 and following, investments in working capital and equipment would revert to patterns familiar from the production divisions traditional lines of dolls.To complete development work, Holtz planned to use some of the companys existing IT staff. The majority of the work would take place during calendar 2011. The number of people and their fully loaded costs are shown Table 4. These costs were not included by Holtz in the initial outlays shown in Table 3 or in the forecasts presented in Exhibit 2. The development personnel Holtz needed were considered corporate resources and were almost certainly available to work on the project.Table 4 Design Your Own Doll Development Personnel, ($ 000s) action Development Personnel CostsWeb Application DevelopersDatabase ManagerSystems Integration SpecialistTotal CostBRIEFCASES HARVARD BUSINESS PUBLISH INGPurchased for use on the MSc Business Valuation, at Imperial College London. Taught by James Sefton, from 21-Aug-2013 to 31-Dec-2013. Order ref F211857. Usage permitted only within these parameters otherwise contact emailprotectedHowever, even a limited degree of customization increased manufacturing complexity and expense. Further, because of the low production runs and volume, fixed costs on a per unit basis were expected to be relatively high. Consequently, the breakeven volume for the project was also expected to be high.New Heritage Doll Company Capital Budgeting 4212Finally, Holtz needed to give Harris her assessment of the projects riskiness. On the one hand, Design Your Own Doll had a relatively long payback period, introduced some untested elements into the manufacturing process, and depended on near-flawless operation of new customer-facing software and user interfaces. If the project stumbled for some reason, New Heritage risked damaging relationships with its best cu stomers. On the other hand, the project had a relatively modest fixed cost ratio, and it play to the companys key strengthcreating a unique experience for its consumers.Educational material supplied by The Case CentreCopyright encoded A76HM-JUJ9K-PJMN9IOrder reference F211857Emily Harris still needed to complete her review and financial analysis of the two proposals. McAdams and Holtz were in frequent touch with Harris and both had offered to respond to any questions she might have about the proposals the business case, the financial projections, the operating details, or anything else. Harris expected that she would indeed have some follow-up questions as she worked through her financial analyses.She also knew that her final recommendation might disappoint some executives within the division, who would scrutinize it closely. It had to be well-supported.