Smart Sensor Stick For Blind Information Technology Essay

wise to(p) Sensor Stick For Blind Information Technology EssayThe bring down that inf altogetherible most attention when dealing with problems faced by 90 of screen people in confederation is lack of maven of bang . Considering this sensitive issue, I grow decided to present this report to the attach to on need-base analysis for Smart Sensor Stick for Blind, based on companys pre specify criteria. This pattern after improvements and modifications would overly be able to guide a some singleness to park his car condomly. In addition we would test our architectural plan against sustainability criteria and center field stratifies for delineate of advantages and disadvantages associated.SpecificationThis project claims to equip a guile person with an audible foretoken, signaling for an obstacle at a distance. This would bear a blind person confidence taking right decisions. A sensor is mounted on the lower end of the stick which could moxie an obstacle from a distanc e. A nonher sensor could hear the incoming sounds handle of a ghastly approaching car and send off to microcontroller. Microcontroller send signal to the speaker from where the blind person would hear and small chip on the blinds stick would decide to send an disheartenment to the person. The same should in any case be helpful for parking a car with accident based on the overcritical distance alarm.Design parameters next are some de barrierination considerations in terms of externalise parameters and assumptions make for recitation and environment where would be working.ParametersCritical distance 1 meter for both blind person movement and car parkingAlert alarm the microcontroller should decide and send warning to the blind person before he comes close to one meter of the obstacle. The same is applicable for the car parking guidance.Time percentage point the warning or alert scheme should take 1mili second or less for whole operationCost the system is very simpleton and s hould be very cheap.Modified parametersDesign the end is simple so that a layman is able to handle and operate it very easily. supererogatory parametersEnergy-efficiency it should comely guidelines of Green IT since it consumes low competency for longer life sentence span. It lonesome(prenominal) consists of low energy consuming sensor Mica2, it is shown in the purpose beneath and pl informality continue to detail datasheet from the manu itemurer Crossbow in the Appendix troika (C r o s s b ow Te c h n o l o g y, 2008). render MIca2 mote (C r o s s b ow Te c h n o l o g y, 2008)Safety since it would be utilize by special people so it should be harmless in frame. For example, should non produce electric desecrate or sharp edges.Reliability we had added an extra sensor in the before design in order to make it to a greater extent reliable, in fount one fails new(prenominal) take charge. But one is made agile another(prenominal) passive in line with energy efficiency design parameter as converseed above.AssumptionsFollowing are underlining assumptions are utilize in order to give way test and use the harvest-tide in true scenarios.1 meter is enough distance for a person pitiable at an average speed to take his decision to safety.The person is not duff so that fruit is best used, so it works wellhead for people with blindness problem only.The warning distance for parking a car is 2 meter which is sufficient for car being set at a normal speed.As the improved design would be solar energy supported we suppose that there is abundant tack on of sunlight.Description of the Final DesignThis project aims to provide audible signals to the blind person to direct them to make decisions based on reliable information, so that they are directed to the safe path by avoiding the collisions after furnish them with the above mentioned system.Design descriptionIn order to design the above business as shown in the block shine up in embodiment 1, w e mounted dickens sensors on the stick (i.e. spot stick used by the blind), one on lower end and other on the middle. The similar diagram in provided in the appendix I, as used in another work (Technologies, 2010). This is done primarily to achieve the dependableness in case of one of the sensors get fail. This sensor is able to sense the obstacle from 10 meters and sends the signal to microcontroller. After receiving the signal the microcontroller plays an alarm or alert so that person holding the stick comes to know that there is hurdle in front of him and he should change the course until he is able to fine a free way (Rajendra Prasad Mahapatra, 2009). Similarly, this system hind end be mounted on a car with one sensor in front and other back of the car.Block diagramFollowing a simple block diagram for our modified design is presumptuousness belowObstacle Sensor 1Obstacle Sensor 2Distance MeterDecisionMicrocontrollerSpeckedPower Source foretell Block diagramPseudo codeHere we take up shown a simple pseudo code for functioning of above design.While (signal) // hunt club for signalif (mode==1) blind-mode) // see for operation modeElse (parking-mode)Send (signal) // send alarm to controller to send alarm to speakerMicrocontroller (signal) Alert-alarm doFigure Pseudocode for system designDesign evaluationIn this section, we will give critical evolution of the veritable intersection point and give recommendations based on the insinuateed modifications and improvements. backchatAs per detailed analysis and considerations we soak up find away the menses design need improvements. These improvements gift been are in the form of antecedent design modifications and some additional features. These changes will make the final product more reliable, environment amiable, and safe to handle and operate.RecommendationsAn extra sensor is needed to be added in order to add reliability. Since, failure of device could lie in wait the person holding it. It wou nd compromise the energy efficiency, as we suggest making one of sensor in active mode and other in passive. It would take charge of signaling an obstacle as shortly then starting time one fails.The overall modified design would meet the Green IT standards to safe energy and run so be approach effective. It has been noticed that an electronic device during its life time consume more energy-bill than it was used to buy it. It will be operated on two Mica2 (Please refer to the appendix III for datasheet) motes running on single battery and one active at time.The device should be able to handle two modes of operation namely, blind-mode and parking-mode. It should switch between two modes with just single crack of button. The transfer from one mode to another mode is made as transparent as possible.Another important modification in current design is safety procedures so make sure that device safe to be operated by a special person. The device is steel made for durability but with p lastic cover to avoid injury. Moreover, since it operates though on small power supply should be eclectic shock certainty since it has plastic and rubber cover.SustainabilitySustainabilityThe sustainability in simple words is the, ability of the product to be sustained indefinitely (Design, 2004).Sustainable designThe sustainable design burn be defined as, The design of system that tush be sustained indefinitely.AndSustainable product designed therefore be defined as, the design of the objects and sustainability of the systems in which they operate (Design, 2004).Now, we discuss Sustainability when considered against the primary figures, environ amiable or eco, fiscal, and friendlyPrimary sustainability factorsFollowing are three primary factor of sustainable product designEnvironmental SustainabilitySince bingeing, human dedicate been destroying constitution in order to conquer it. However, to achieve sustainability it is essential to accept the fact that human is dependent on the nature for their wellbeing and safety. Without a hefty natural environment, it is impossible to ca-ca healthy society and scrimping.The mistreatment of environment has resulted in a number of consequences that are posing immediate threat to society and economy.According to Edwin Datschefski all materials exist in closed loop systems (cycles), all energy comes from renewable sources (solar), no harmful substances are emitted (safe), and throughout the products life cycle it is no more than 10% of the resources used by an similar product in 1990 (efficient).The cyclic and solar system illustrated is illustrated in the Figure 3, as shown on the next page of this report.Environmental SustainabilityFigure the cyclic and solar system illustrated (Design, 2004)Financial SustainabilityIt is essential for two reasons, one that a concernman would pursue it if it is financially viable and second financial wealthiness is important for quality of life. However, on contrary they n ot need to be conflicting (Design, 2004).Carefully designing products within their business, social and environmental systems croupe result in a solution that have long term financial viability and consistently generate financial makes and wealth. A financially sustainable system has the following characteristicsConsistent r hithertoue by confrontation customer customized productsNot rely on finite resourcesIncrease profit margin by lowering costProtect financial wellbeing of customersNot have any significant financial liabilitiesThe following diagram in Figure 4, illustrate the different between a traditional business and a sustainable business.Figure Business vs sustainable businessSocial SustainabilitySustainability is about creating and maintaining quality of life for the people, though environmental and social factors are important but they are sources to that end.Social sustainability involves protecting the mental and physical health of all stakeholders, encouraging commu nity, treating all stakeholders fairly, and providing essential services. It is also important that essential services are effectively delivered to everyone who needs them.10 germane(predicate) design strategiesYou are required to select 10 strategies from this refer and outline why you believe each one you choose is relevant to your own final product design.Design business system originalIn order to make our product sustainable we have to sweat it in the integration with it business environment where it is to be deployed or used. In order to achieve this we have made certain assumptions about the examen environment.Clarity core functionConsumers some time whitethorn not buy product for just sustainability function they need the manufacturer to cerebrate on main functionality, some time they could ignore other benefits for the said. We have made sure that our product is good in itself not be sold with providing ice on the cake.Product service systemsTypical aim of manufacturin g is provide a high value product with low cost, by this a great deal poor value to the customer. PSS is not new idea it can offer substantial benefits to all the parties involved. This involves offering a service while lending them a product, not losing the ownership and has incentive to maximize product life cycle.Multi-functionalismIn designing the product it would shrink product cost. In our system design we have provided with two functions in one product, i.e. blind-mode and parking-mode.ModularizationWe have taken care of this dodging as our product is designed in a way that it has two modules for two modes of functions and they can easily be fitted together to use either of the functions.Minimize material varietyWe have not taken care of this strategy since in our product design the two materials are used in manufacturing the product which offer other related benefits. For example, steal is used to made white stick durable and covered it with plastic to make it safe to be used by blind persons to avoid unwanted injuries.Low embodies energy materialsAll materials have energy consumption cost associated with them during manufacturing. We would use pre- make material in our production of the final product to avoid this.Avoid glassGlass is often thought are environmentally friendly as it could be cycled, non-toxic, and manufactured from natural resources that are abundant. But due to its hardness it is difficult to recycle and inefficient to transport.Renewable energyIn our final product design, we have suggested to use small solar panel with the blind stick or car in order to fulfill the green energy criteria. So the product would be self powered so that it make use of other attached benefits much(prenominal) as cost reduction and ease of use. simplificationSince our product is supposed to be used by we have made sure that product is simple enough to handles and maintained by hat person. The design is very simple and a novice can assemble it easily.C ontribution to the primary factorsIn this section we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages associated with above ten strategies in terms of three core strategies such as economical, financial and social sustainability.Design business system firstThis strategy would help us deal with the deal with the social sustainability and eco and financial strategy indirectly since it would involve customer to design the product.Clarity core functionThe products with sustainable strategy are to replace the non sustainable product and manufacturer have the financial benefit but at the cost of paying environmental penalty. It has made sure the social sustainable strategy since it taken care of customers need is met.Product service systemsOur product does not involve this service sine it involve ontogenesis use of energy and thus compromising other code design issues. Paybacks are pokey and customers are tied to the conditions.Multi-functionalismIt is eco friendly, since it would digest the resources use and financially viable since it would plus our product demand. The customer has benefit of additiond convenience and value for money. On the other hand drawback is the consumer may buy fewer products.ModularizationOur product is eco friendly since it would reduce disposal of the product and by increasing the appeal for our customers they would plagiarize the business which gives us financial viability. It is social friendly since product has better taken care of customers needs over the life of the product as extended product life would offer good value for the money.It has draw also since increased product life cycle may reduce sales turn over.Minimize material varietyIt encourages recycling and increases the economy of sale with simplified logistics and reduced end life treatment cost. This could also result in using of inappropriate material leading to inefficiency and in the first place disposal.Low embodies energy materialsIt would be eco friendly since it would reduce energy customs and financially beneficial since materials with low energy usage can be cheaper.Avoid glassIt has reduces risk of injury to the waste disposal workers so is socially sustainable. Has financial benefit since it has reduced transport cost. And eco friendly as it avoid damage to the recycling facilities. The one environmental drawback is that its substitutes are even less desirable.Renewable energyIt is eco friendly as it would discourage fogey fuel energy usage. It would give financial benefits as improved functionality would increase its demand. It is socially sustainable since product is mobile and never run out of battery.The disadvantages are increased units cost but are cheap in the long term usage. And product can be more bulky.SimplificationThe product would run longer and reduces waste and cost. Financial appeal is that it would reduce development, manufacturing, and assembly costs. Socially sustainable since it is easy to be used by the bind per son and made easier to meet our customers demand.The cons are that simplification may reduce functionality and efficiency. Financially simple products may be perceived as less valued. And social drawback is that simple products may be less sufficient of handling individual need. In our final design we have essay to lower the impact of related disadvantages of this strategy in order to increase the advantages.ConclusionWe have studied the current designed according to the companys set criteria and suggested our modification and additions to make product more efficient and reliable. We have effrontery our recommendations for new design and evaluated it against some sustainability strategies for its advantages and disadvantages and why the certain important design considerations were made. We have further evaluated the above ten strategies against financial, economical, and social core sustainable strategies to make use of related benefits it brings to us.

Improvement Of The College Library Education Essay

givefulness Of The College Library Education EssayINTRODUCTIONLibrary is one of the nearly important sidetrack of the school musical arrangement. In the program subroutine depository depository depository subroutine program depository library, students continue to undertake breeding and self-instruction during their free time. They too use library facilities, books, online and offline collections to do their assignments, reports, queryes and another(prenominal) activities. However, with the advent of net income resources, students now tend to use the Internet rather than library resources.Hence, there is a sine qua non to alter the college library based on the wishs, p propagations, and convenience of the students. This paper aimed to gather opinions and winds of the students to repair the college library. The objectives of the think wereTo identify what do the students more than frequently use for intrusive readingTo determine how a lot do the students consider or use the library facilitiesTo check if students expire the development they inquire from the college libraryTo find out if students conceive that the college library needs leads andTo gather students opinions and suggestion on the receipts of the school library?The opinions and suggestions of the students were very useful for updating the contents and improving the system of the library. The results of this research too served as an appeal to the school administration to improve the college library.Specifically, this study answered the following questionsWhat do the students more frequently use for searching information Internet or Library?How often do the students visit or use the library facilities?Do they get the information they need from the college library?Do they reckon that the college library needs improvement?What ar their opinions and suggestion on the improvement of the school library?Literature reviewLibraries play important roles in the accomplis hment sire of students. It is the library where students concur continuous learning and self-instruction. The library is expected to give extensive learning experience to the students. This section provides argument for the importance of traditional libraries.Traditional library abide be defined as a confined office staff with a finite collection of tangible information bearing principal(a) and resources such as books, journals, and alternative forms such as images, films, and tapes. It in addition contains supplementary or meta-information like card catalog, various thesauri and references, and other searching tools which reference the librarys primary content (Low, 1996).There ar the material resources of the library. These argon the available sources of information for the students, faculty and staff.The main roles of libraries include instruction, learning, and research responsibilities. In name of teaching, library staff has the responsibility to improve and facilitat e teaching and instructions of the teaching staff. Libraries in addition facilitate learning and self-instruction of students. Likewise, this is also true in hurt of researching needs of the students and the teaching staff as well (Stover, 2001).Libraries can litigate teaching, learning, and research responsibilities through reference service, developing an extensive collection, and updating and maintaining this collection. Moreover, the libraries may also seek collaboration with the teaching faculty and other parts of campus community in the process of curriculum development. The library staff also has the responsibility to anticipate and be prepared with intellectual and technological developments that may affect the library in the future (Stover, 2001). Because of these important roles, libraries should be constantly improved.METHODOLOGYThis study utilized a qualitative research forge to determine the opinions and suggestions of the students concerning the improvement of t he college library. The order was survey and suggestion box. Survey method is the appropriate method to be used when gathering opinions of the subjects when high reaction rate is needed at a short research time. This was unavoidable for the conduct of this research.The participants of this study were the college students of Bluefiled State College. They were asked to participate in the survey date they were in the library, canteen, or school grounds during their free time. On the other hand, a separate suggestion box especially designed for this study was placed in each section of the library. There was no sample distribution method implemented and multiple responses were not restricted because this study think on the content of responses and not on the physique of responses.In terms of data analysis and presentation, complete enumeration of responses was done. The scope of the responses covered library use, belief or non-belief of the need to improve the college library, and o thers based on altogether on the perception of the students. The limitation of this study was that the population of the school was not appropriately represented because no sampling was done. However, the study assured allowing participation which resulted high response rate.The instruments used in this study were suggestion box and self-administered questionnaire. The answer sheet for the suggestion box and the questionnaire were attached as appendix A and appendix B respectively.AnalysisA radical of 300 responses were gathered from the survey. The participants were gathered from the library, school grounds and other areas within the school where students gather during their free time. In terms of the school level, the breaks round off of the respondents were the following 1st year- 70 2nd year- 50 3rd year- 70 4th year- 80 5th year- 30.Majority of the respondents expressed more use of Internet rather than library resources in making their assignments and searching for inform ation. epitome 1 shows the break guttle of responses. Hence, there is a need to improve library resources to encourage them to rely on the college library for their information needs.In spite of using the Internet more often to search for information, numerous of the respondents all the same go to the library everyday. Hence, there is still willingness on the part of the students to visit the library and search for information. Figure 2 shows the break down of the responses.However, when asked if they get the information that they need, majority of the respondents answered no. Out of 300 respondents, clxx said that they frequently do not get the information they need from the college library and only 130 said they get useful information from the library. Figure 3 shows the break down of responses.Therefore, failure the undertake the number one role of the college library- to deliver relevant information to the students means that this is a very significant reason to improve the facilities and service of the college library.In compliance to this, almost all of the respondents said that they believe that their college library needs to be improved. Only 40 expressed confidence to their college library and did not believe that rehabilitation of the college library should be done. On the other hand, 260 respondents said that the college library should be rehabilitated to improve performance of the college library.Table 1 shows the suggestions of the respondents for college library improvement from suggestion box and survey questionnaires. The suggestions of the respondents can be classified into quaternary groups human resources, facilities/services, books, and management.Table 1 suggestion for College Library Improvement(From Suggestion box and Survey Questionnaire)Human ResourcesFacilities/ServicesMore librariansmore tables and chairs to take more studentsTrained Librarianslibrary tour for those who need assistanceGuards/Guidessubscription of online and offline journalsBooks oversightMore books soften library managementUpdated booksbetter borrowing and return systemMore on fiction sectionHuman Resources. umteen of the respondents suggested that they need more and trained librarians and guides to assist them in their library experience. They also suggested having guards within the vicinity of the library to provide security.Facilities/services. The students also suggested that they need more tables and chair for increased accommodation facilities of the libraries. They also request for library tours for those who need it, especially for the freshmen students and subscription of online and offline journals which can be very useful for graduating students for their final research.Books. The students requested for more books of more recent editions on diverse range of topics. Moreover, they also suggested more recent collection for the fictions sections. This suggests that the students still need and are still willing to read books.Li brary Management. Aside from the material resources and human resources, students also suggested some improvement of the college library based on library management. This bear on book borrowing and return system, and better over all library management. This is in accordance to their request for more trained librarians.Conclusion and RecommendationsFrom the results of the survey, it can be concluded that the students rely more frequently to Internet resources for their information and scholastic needs. The advent of technologies and the rapid development of new ones, especially the Internet have changed the learning and researching behavior of the students- from the traditional library resources to digital or Internet resources.Nevertheless, the students still visit the library on a effortless basis to search for the information that they need for scholastic performance and in the flesh(predicate) knowledge gain. However, most of them do not get the information that they need. Thu s, they believe that the college library should be improved.These scenarios should be a calling for the administration and the library management to improve the librarys facilities and services. The students have also stated in this research their suggestions through the survey and suggestion box.Accordingly, this research has the following suggestion for the library management, school administration, and the students.Library AdministrationConsider the point of view of students because they are the primary users and intended audience of the library and programs to improve it. The effectives of improvement programs will solely depend on the acceptability of the project to the students.Implement plenary and effective library management procedures. This will trickle down to better library service from library staff and relevant library experience for the students.School AdministrationDevote significant part of the school compute for improvement of the school library because library h as important roles to teaching, learning, and research which are tantamount to the roles of the school as a whole.Support initiatives of the school library to improve.StudentsAvail and maximize the use of librarys resources. This can encourage school governance to improve the college library facilities.Be active in giving suggestions for the improvement of scholastic performance of the school and the college library for that matter.

Director Network Influence on Stock Price Cash Risks

manager Network Influence on Stock Price property RisksIntroductionA sprouting issue in bodily establishment and the business world is the concept of decision maker meshing. Recent accounting and finance literature use social net profit theory to explain versatile merged behaviors and practices steaming from culture, resources exchange and relationship building. The correlation between decision maker network and earnings management (Omer et al, 2016 Chui, et al 2012), coach network and revenue management (Brown Drake, 2013), and director network and corporate investment decisions (Singh Schonlau, 2009), among other corporate practices admit been capaciously researched but crease wrong ram attempt has been miss in the ara of social networks.Firms possess congruent behavior patterns as a result of the instruction exchange among them. The observed herding behavior of firms sack up be explained by social network theory which predicts firms to imitate others od dly those perceived to possess superior information (Lieberman Asaba, 2006). Corporate executives have incentives to counterfeit the monetary deed by maintaining bad word (with the look at that much(prenominal) bad news show can be over false in the future) and accelerating the disclosure of darling news (as this signifies competency). As directors imitate distributively other, such behavior can easily diffuse among them. The effect of director networks on firms performance disclosures is multifaced. Prior director network literature catalogue that through and through information exchange, directors learn from their peers on how to collapse perform their monitor and advising intentions to maximize shareholder value (Chuluun et al., 2014 Larcker et al., 2013). Directors can enhance their monitoring expertness by linking up with other directors who are more experienced and committed to other experienced directors. Through the positive learning hypothesis, directors become better monitors of managers of their firms. My conjecture here is that directors can improve their individual expertise and readiness by obtaining more quality information from other directors.As a two-edged sword, director networks can also be a vehicle for the distribution of bad corporate practices. friendly interactions can act as dais through which information about undesirable corporate practices are exchanged. agree to Davis (1991), the diffusion of poison pills adopted among US firms in the late mid-eighties were engineered through the network directors built. Also, options expenditure and backdating were documented to relate to networked firms (Reppenhagen 2010, Bizjak et al., 2009). The propensity to double over bad act when those engaged in the act go scot-free after(prenominal) a long time (Marvin Shigeru, 2006). By the negative learning hypothesis, directors take up information about such bad corporate practices to their firms. This can subside agains t the monitory component part of directors hence adversely affect their performance. I break that directors take the final responsibility for variant corporate practices including financial business relationship transparency and disclosures.This proposed interpret seeks to employ social network and business unreal theory to examine pipeline hurt wad, which usually result from bundle bad news from the conduct market. Prior literature argue that managers hoard bad news either to achieve personalized goals such as higher compensation, job security and empire building or presumptuously to maximize long-term shareholders value (Ball, 2009 Kothari et al., 2009 Graham et al, 2005). Whatever the goal, whether to achieve personal agenda or to promote shareholder value, bad news hoarded and lay in for long result in investment company legal injury flop. (Hutton et al.,2009 Jin and Myers, 2006).Several papers, summarized below, have explored the federation between crash att empt of infection and various firm level characteristics. However, studies that directly investigate stock price risk through executive personal characteristics have concentrated mostly on managers personal attributes such as chief executive officer over office but the social expression within which the phenomenon is practiced has largely been ignored. My proposed call for seek to examine the verifiable link between the relationships directors build and the distribution of stock returns.My news report depart tally to the literature in several ways. First, to my knowledge, this go forth be the premiere study to examine the relation between director network and stock crash risk. By focusing on a unique perspective, this study result furnish new turn out concerning the economic consequences of social imitations. In particular, the findings result identify significant benefits that social interactions bring to firms and their shareholders. Xing, Zhang, and Zhao (2010) and Yan (2011) suggest that total outcomes in the blondness market are of fundamental concerns to shareholders and will anticipate interpretations. Thus, the empirical evidence will be useful for understanding the role that director network plays in influencing both corporate behavior and investor welfare. Second, this will extend the literature on corporate governance by video display the relation between social connectivity and stock price crash risk relative to the strength of corporate governance mechanisms in place in a firm. This will provide more explanation on the formulaic governance mechanisms in monitoring the flow of corporate information to the truth market. Third, this study will add to the research on bad news hoarding theory of stock price crash risk. In particular, the subtraction of social interactions for future crash risk will provide classic insights into the behavioral-sociological nature of managerial manipulation of information. Recent studies on crash risk suggest that managerial bad news hoarding activities can be explain via religion (Jeffrey L. Callen and Xiaohua Fang, 2015), corporate social responsibility (Yongtae Kim, 2014), CEOs over confidence (Jeong-Bon Kim, 2014), CFOs equity incentives (Jeong-Bon Kim, 2011) accounting conservatism (Kim et al, 2010), tax avoidance (Kim et al, 2010), and corporate financial opacity (Hutton et al, 2009). However, it is not clear what role executive social participations and/or social norms play in influencing the behavior to conceal bad news. My study will help to fill this gap in the literature by providing evidence on the relation between director network and crash risk and the consequential role that social connections play on managerial bad news hoarding activities. Last, but not the least, this study will provide investors with priceless information on how the social business surround affects firm behavior, which may help them to predict and eschew future stock price crash in their portfolio investment decisions.Research intent The objective of this study is to find out how stock price crash is exercise by the social set up directors build. Specific research questions areCan stock price crash risk be explained through director network?Does the level of stock price crash risk increase with the degree of executive connection?How much dissidence of stock price crash is attributable to director network?Research designThe variables for this study-director connectedness and stock price crash risk will be separately estimated using Riskmetrics, CRSP and COMPUSTAT data. The Riskmetrics will be used in computing the measures of directors network. entropy on the stock return for the calculating crash risk will be obtained from CRSP while compustat will provide the relevant company financials for my research. My adjudicate size will cover the period of 1990-2014. The result of the first stop estimation will be put into a cross-sectional regress model for further estimation of the relationship between firm networks and stock price crash risk. I will use UCINET/PAJEK to estimate various dimensions of director networks (Omer et al., 2014). Crash risk will be estimated using (Chen et al .2001), Jin and Myers (2006) and Hutton et al (2009) models which provides three measures of crash risk including i) the negative coefficient of skewness of firms specific daily returns, ii) the down-to-up volatility of firm-specific daily returns, and iii) the difference between the number of long time with negative extreme firm-specific daily returns and the number of days with positive extreme firm-specific daily returns.The primary model for the regression will beCrashRiskj =+1 DirectorNetworkj + 2Controlvariables + iWhere CrashRiskj and DirectorNetworkj refer to the various measurements of crash risks and director networks of firm J respectively.Literature review Former Chairman of the be on of General Motors arse G. Smale wrote in 1995 The board is re sponsible for the successful perpetuation of the corporation. That responsibility cannot be relegated to management. A board of directors is expected to play a key role in corporate governance. The board has responsibility for CEO selection and time providing feedback to management on the organizations strategy compensating senior executives monitoring financial health, performance and risk and ensuring accountability of the organization to its investors and authorities. The board thus play important role in corporate governance hence the need to study the board in broader perspective including their social networks. This is because through network, knowledge, ideas and corporate practices whether smashing or bad are shared between companies. Director network thus serves vehicle for the spread of behavior between related firms. (Asch 1951 Milgram 1963, Hirshleifer and Teoh (2003, 2009)Director networks Social network theory suggests that individuals behavior is the product of thei r social interactions and this connection extends to corporate behavior (Jackson, 2008 Newman, 2010). Individuals and their link up form a network crossways which they share ideas and resources, which influences their decision. Under opacity, observe behaviors of others, can provide useful insights (Marvin Shigeru, 2006). Social networks serve as channel for the transmission of information about corporate practices climaxing into herding behavior (Bikhchandani, Hirshleifer, Welch, 1998 Hirshleifer Hong Teoh, 2003). The link can either be direct such as shared directorates, trade partnership or indirect such as friend of friend of friend. Newman (2010) provides evidence on the relevance on the indirect link in the information sharing process. A director with many connections become an information hub making him very powerful in the chain of network. This is described as centrality in the network literature (Jackson, 2008). A direct link to an information hub increases access co de to more complete information. Also, connection to a direct link to the information hub can acquire many information, though the closer the better. This had led to four measurements of director network that is to say degree, eigenvector, betweenness and closeness centralities. Degree centrality is the absolute measure of individual social connections and blow of more information. The indirect connection where ideas exchange is from several other links is known as eigenvector centrality. Betweenness centrality relates to information control within the web. In a network, an individual positioned between two others serving as the medium of information exchange between them is viewed as one controlling information flow. The give-up the ghost dimension of network which relates to the proximity to information access to enhance optimization is the closeness centrality. Closeness centrality measures how quick information from other members of a network gets to an individual. The clos er an individual is to a source of information, the more efficient and easier it is to access information (Jackson, 2008 Newman, 2010). The kind of information received will be line of latitude to the actions of the individual. I therefore, hypothesize that, firms within the same network will have homogeneous behavior.Director networks and stock price crash risk monetary reports provide information about a firms economic performance. Accounting poetry are crucial for economic decisions of a firms stakeholders but their relevance can only be harness when provided at the right time. Corporate executives by nature exhibit some resistance in disclosing bad performances of their firms and this behavior catalyst to stock price crashes (Hutton et al., 2009 Jin and Myers, 2006). Managers have been reported to have hoard information to opportunistically influence contractual outcomes (Cheng, Man, Yi, 2013, Healy Wahlen, 1999 Verrecchia, 1983). Extant literature documents the motives f or information hoarding such as personal gain and career concern. (Kothari et al. 2009). In addition, Ball (2001, 2009) argues that nonfinancial motives, such as empire building and maintaining the esteem of ones peers, also provide powerful incentives for managers to conceal bad performance. Empirically, Kothari et al. (2009) find evidence concordant with the aspiration of managers to hoard bad news. The managerial tendency to withhold bad news leads to bad news being stockpiled within the firm. However, there is a veritable point at which it becomes too costly or impossible for managers to withhold the bad news (Kothari et al., 2009). When such a tipping point arrives, all the however hidden bad news will come out at once, resulting in a large negative price adjustment, that is, a crash (Hutton et al., 2009 Jin and Myers, 2006). Moreover, Bleck and Liu (2007) argue that the withholding of bad news prevents investors from discerning bad projects from heartfelt ones and, theref ore, from liquidating bad projects promptly. Thus, bad projects are kept alive and the resulting negative bills flows eventually materialize, triggering asset price crashes. Employing country- and firm-level designs, respectively, Jin and Myers (2006) and Hutton et al. (2009) provide empirical evidence consistent with the above mechanisms of stock price crashes. Several papers support the linkage of director network to various corporate behaviors such as expending stock option, (Reppenhagen 2010), private equity incentives (Stuart and Yim 2010) stock option backdating (Bizjak et al. 2009) and poison-pill adoption (Davis 1991). Others take director network and mutual fund performance (Cohen, Frazzini, and Malloy, 2008 Kuhnen, 2008), venture cap investments (Hochberg, Ljungqvist, and Lu, 2007), executive compensation (Barnea and Guedj, 2009), and firm governance (Fracassi and Tate, 2008 Hwang and Kim, 2008). They provide empirical evidence on the transfer of behavior between relat ed firms.Building on the literature on social network and the literature on crash risk, I propose that director network can affect firm-level stock price crash risk. Since director network can pass good or bad business practices, it can mitigate or contribute to crash risk, however, the quantum ultimately is an empirical question. The empirical analysis will throw up light on this important issue.ReferencesAshbaugh, Hollis, Joachim Gassen, and Ryan Lafond, 2005, Does Stock Price Synchronicity glisten Information or Noise? The International Evidence, mimeoBarnea, A., Guedj, I., 2009. Director networks. unpublished working paper. University of Texas, Austin.Brown, J. L., Drake, K. D. (2013). Network ties among low-tax firms. The Accounting ReviewChen, J., Hong, H., Stein, J., 2001. Forecasting crashes Trading volume, gone returns, and conditional skewness in stock prices. Journal of financial political economy Chiu, P.-C., Teoh, S. H., Tian, F. (2012). Board interlocks and earni ngs management contagion. The Accounting ReviewHutton, A.P., Marcus, A.J., Tehranian, H., 2009. Opaque financial reports, R2, and crash risk. Journal of Financial Economics Kim, J.B., Li, Y., Zhang, L., 2011b. CFO vs. CEO equity incentives and crashes. Journal of Financial EconomicsKim, J.B., Zhang, L., 2013. Accounting conservatism and stock price crash risk firmlevel evidence. Contemporary Accounting Research, forthcomingKim, J.B., Li, Y., Zhang, L., 2011a. Corporate tax avoidance and stock price crash risk firm-level analysis. Journal of Financial Economics Kim J-B, Li Y, Zhang L. 2011b. Corporate tax avoidance and stock price crash risk Firm-level analysis. Journal of Financial EconomicsKothari SP, Shu S, Wysocki PD. 2009. Do Managers obey Bad News? Journal of Accounting Research Lieberman, M. B., Asaba, S. (2006). Why Do Firms Imitate Each Other? The Academy of Management ReviewMalmendier U, Tate G. 2005. CEO Overconfidence and Corporate Investment. The Journal of FinanceNewm an, M. (2010). Networks an introduction Oxford University PressOmer, T. C., Shelley, M. K., Tice, F. M. (2014). Do director networks matter for financial reporting quality? Evidence from restatements. Singh, P. V., Schonlau, R. J. (2009). Board Networks and Merger Performance.

Skills for Communication and Language Acquisition

Skills for Communication and Langu ripen AcquisitionMiriana HiliP1Im tone ending to explain briefly about the skills associated with parley those argon eye contact, gestures, torso terminology and active earreach. In my weekly observations in the tyke perplexity centers I design those skills. I use up the eye contact fleck Im talking with the pip-squeakren so they could keep intercourse that Im talking to them, eye contact is also needed to carry that you are listening what they are grammatical construction and to see what are their feelings. I use gesture to speak myself more and they could derive what Im byword even the children when they want approximatelything they bulge to point at the object to visualise me which one they want. When Im in placement I could write out what children feeling are by their body deli very(prenominal) when they want that soulfulness pick them up they show you by opening their arms. Active listening is when children are talking to me so I listen to so that I could respond them is not always possible to understand them because they havent weakened their speech well.The components of speech are phonology, phonology is the sound employ in a langu while. Some linguistic processs have more sounds hence other(a)s for deterrent example English have around fourth four sounds. The sound of the nomenclature is how one pronounce the word even speech sound could be written in dissimilar ways. The phonology process in babies begin before they are innate(p), this begins from the 26th week of pregnancy at that typify they begin to recognize their mothers speech. Semantics, semantics is the meaning of the language how do you understand the word. immature babies learn the meaning of the words by associating sounds with objects or sound. For example the invoke dictates where are your gloves? and touches the child gloves, so he could associate the sound with the object. Semantics tries to k at one time how it i s constructed and as well interpreted the meaning is how you listen the language and how they enunciate it. Syntax is about grammar of language. The grammar is the way that the words are putted together invent structure is the structure of a sentence. The sentences are formed by noun phrase, verb phrase and noun phrase the sentence is like this Mary pushed the pushchair. Syntax is the way words are arranged together and the relationship between them. Receptive language, this term is to take out the ability to listen and to understand what is being perishd. blush if the children are not able to say a word yet they may show that they understand just aboutthing. Children develop receptive language in the first saying of language development. Receptive language is defined as the comprehension of language through listening and understands what is being communicated. It is also the ability of comprehend concepts, vocabulary, directions and questions. communicatory language is th e output of the language it how one expresses his/her wants and need and evens their feelings. This is about how children communicate by using sounds and after some time using words. A babys expressive language take form of lallation and cooing this happens at the first year, at the second year they begin to use word because the lingual development start to occurs. One keister express himself not even with the language alone even with the gestures and facial expressions.How communication and language encyclopaedism on social and emotional development can be effected. Children who have a strong attachment with their parents can develop language more easily. They develop the language more easily because at that place a strong link between language and attachment. Babies who are cuddled and held by their parents and other apportion the start to read their body language understand it even in others. Children who have a strong attachment are more motivated to babble and communicat e with their parents they testament gain some positive response. Between social development and language there is a strong link between them. A child who reads other soulfulnesss body language and can communicate it is more accredited more by others and even engages in spielful situation. The language acquirement also changes how they play together as the language attend tos children to interact and to be less impulsive and more thoughtful.Sara report jibe the instrument panel of pre linguistic and linguistic Sara language and communication science is at a spicy level because she is a talkative and she even likes to talk with older persons and older children. She is at the pose of language explosion this means that in her age she has change magnitude in the childrens vocabulary and in sentences. Children at this age they learn more rapidly and it becomes harder for parents to count them. The children use more multiform structures for example no cats here. Saras communica tion and language acquisition is very well developed in her social and emotional. She is very footsure with others and she isnt shy. According to browns mean space utterance she is at stage 2 and the length of saying words is 2.25 at her age she is now using ing, on, in for example daddy going.Alex reportAccording the table of pre linguistic and linguistic Alex language and communication acquisition is at a low level because he is a very cool down and speechless person. He is not able to express his needs or thoughts. He is three years old and he started to produce some word and even phrases but his speech is hard to understand. According the table Alex should have a large increase in the vocabulary and increased in using sentences but the thing that he is shy and reticent and he dont like to communicate with other it sees his speech. Even though he dont have friend it affect the speech because if you dont have someone to talk to you speech is not going to be increased and und erstandable. Alex communication and language acquisition had effected his emotional and social development because he is very reserved and other children dont play with him. Emotionally he is very frustrated because he is not able to express himself so he didnt know what he wants to do. Social he doesnt have many friends because when a boy comes to play with he dont begin to play or he would begin to cry so for this he dont have friends. According to the mean length utterance Alex is at stage 3 and he is supposed to say some irregular past tenses and possessives for example me fall down and mommys hat, his mean length utterance is 3.5. Alex for his age he should pronouns more words and form more sentences.Early detection and referral has an classical role in childrens development. When one is working with children need to recognizing that the childs pattern of language is a typical. Early referrals often response in better lasting outcome for children and the effects of language frustrate can be reduced. Children who have learning difficulties need to be referred archeozoic because they would need to be supported by a system such as Makaton. Without this supporting system children would not be able to cerebrate between the words and there meaning. It is important to early detection so that the child could be referred immediately so he/she could have the help they need. Although most of the referrals will be to a speech and language teams, but some children need to be referred for an audiology test this is done by a GP.P2Language acquisition is divided in many different theories those theorist are skinner, Chomsky and Bruner. Skinner dialog about the behavior, skinner believes that the language is acquired consort to the behavior. The language is acquired by reinforcement children learn words by associating sounds with objects. Children also learn by actions and events, they words and syntax by imitating other adults. Adults reinforce children when the y learn words and syntax and say it in a correct way. Chomsky talks about the innate theory, innate are the spirit of language and a device that allows babies and children to acquire language. The theory that could influence exert is to support language growth of children who have a supplementary plaza language. Bruner talks about the social interactions theory, he suggested that children learn through play and exploration. Bruner said when children play with adults such as active role in questioning they will learn more. The theory influence practice by help children learn concepts and to develop their logic and reasoning.SkinnerSkinner talks about language acquisition Language is the cognition that makes us genuinely human. Skinner talks about behaviorism that is the central of the language. He says that the language is acquired by reinforcements so when they begin to say words the parents rewarded them. In the child care setting there are many different characters some of the m know already some words and they have a unsubtle vocabulary some of them dont know that much so when they learn something and say new words we praise them.ChomskyChomsky says that children are born with a possession of an innate ability that comprehends language structures. Chomsky asserts that children initially possess, and then afterward develop, an innate understanding of grammar, irrespective of where they are raised. Language according to Chomsky is intended to convey an infinite range of message, ideas and emotions. In the child care setting children are all able to express them self but there are children who are only 1 year 2 months and dont even know how to speech but they will develop their speech by listening.

Case Study Mazda Motor Corporation Marketing Essay

Case Study Mazda aim mass Marketing EssayMazda push back corporation is unity of the worlds hold uping elevator railroad motor c able-bodied car manufacturers with the total net gross revenue in 2009 reaching a thumping 2,535.9 billion Yen. Mazda labour quite a little was established in Japan in 1920, under the list, Toyo Cork Kogyo. Initi wholey that dealing with the manufacturing of car parts, they slang ventured erupt to the producing of commercial message trucks, in conclusion proceeding on to the manufacturing of cars, which it is widely cognize for nowadays. As times passes, Mazda move batchs has since successfully ventured out of Japan, conquering new(prenominal)wise parts of the world including Mexico, Italy, Thailand just to name a few, as soundly as establishing Research and Development sites in countries the alike(p) Germ every, China, and the United States of America.Mazda tug pile brinyly cater to the take of 2 disparate segments of cons umers moneymaking(prenominal) consumers and Non-Commercial Consumers.Vehicles under the Mazda E-series and Mazda BT-50 cater for commercial purposes. Examples of vehicles that f wholly under the higher up categories involve pick-ups, lorries and vans which argon or so commonly used by companies for transporting of justs and materials etc.On the other hand, Mazda excessively cater to non commercial consumers and their vehicles are designed specifi anticipatey to satisfy 2 groups of consumers Family PMET ( Professional, Managers, Executives and Technicians). Models such as Mazda 5 and Mazda 8 are MVPs (Multi Purpose Vehicles) which are well suited for large families while models like Mazda 3 Mazda 6 are the typical family sedans suit suitable for smaller families. On the other hand, models like Mazda RX-8 and Mazda MX-5 offer a much sporty numerate and whitethorn seem to appeal much to young working professionals or PMETS. Mazda 2 Mazda CX-7 are SUVs( Sports Utility Ve hicles which are targeted towards sports en in that respectofiasts.The head office of Mazda travel good deal is located at 3-1 Shinchi, Fuchu-Cho, Aki-gun, Hiroshima, with different branches located at different parts of Japan like Osaka, Tokyo, Yamaguchi and many more to al crushed tolerate easy accessibility to consumers.Mazda force Corporation has adopted a assortment of B2B (business to business), B2C (business to consumer) business model. The friendship has a wide range of products to cater to the shoots of both commercial and non commercial consumers. By segmenting out their target consumers, Mazda provide be able to spread out the risk of doing business should the gross revenue in one market suffer. This strategy volition as well enable Mazda to reap the benefits of increasing its market share in both the commercial and non commercial segments.Purchasing StrategiesMazda force back Corporation, despite organism a car manufacturer, obtains their parts and material s from suppliers. The 3 main suppliers which they obtain ingrained parts includes Kanto Yokokai (located in Kanto, Kansai and Tokai regions of Japan) and Nishi Nihon Yokokai (located in Chugoku, Shikoku and Kyushu regions of Japan). Mazda Motor Corporation obtains their necessary materials like plastic from Yoshinkai. However, the engines of all Mazda cars are manufactured by the federation itself, instead of obtaining it from suppliers.Parts for the car like screws and nuts are obtained from ten-fold suppliers. This countenances the beau monde to feed a wider variety of choices to choose from since they are non limited to only one supplier. This provides them with flexibility as well as more bargaining power, which leave behind allow them to obtain their necessary materials at the cheapest possible charge. However, the materials used in the car manufacturing process are obtained from only one supplier. Though on that point is only a single supplier for the materials, Ma zda Motor Corporation is also able to obtain the materials contained at a suitable price. This is repayable to the fact that Mazda Motor Corporation has chosen Yoshinkai as their restore supplier for materials. This forget allow them to dupe special benefits since the honour of creation the sole supplier of materials is given to Yoshinkai.A few take a shits wherefore Mazda Motor Corporation has decided to buy the materials and parts instead of making it themselves is be brace of cost advantages, wishing of expertise as well as the feel of the supplied items.If Mazda Motor Corporation, a car manufacturing ac bon ton, were to venture into the take of their own required parts and materials, the phoner pull up stakes not be focused on car manufacturing nevertheless on other areas like manufacturing of metal for example. This depart be overpriced for the confederation since they would grant to spend more money to research on the steps needed to carry this out since th ere is a deprivation of knowledge in this area. Even if this research is a success and the family managed to produce the items needed, the quality whitethorn not be as nice as that of which are obtained from their suppliers, who are more pictured. This may also political campaign Mazda Motor Corporation to lose their identity as a steer car manufacturer as consumers magnate be confused as to whether Mazda Motor Corporation is a car manufacturer or a manufacturer of materials and parts.There are plastered areas which Mazda Motor Corporation looks out for while deciding which supplier to purchase their parts and materials for. These areas are quality of the delivered items, time for delivery of the materials and cost of these materials.All if not most companies start for one common aim, which is to lick profit. Mazda Motor Corporation is no exception. Thus, it is essential for the company to obtain the materials needed at the cheapest price available without conciliatory th e quality of the materials. This leave alone allow their budget to be spurned, which depart eventually lead to a high profit gain as compared to when the company purchase the kindred materials, with the same quality at a higher price. The time at which the materials are delivered is equally important as well. If the materials logical are delivered late, this may lead to a delay of employment, which may lead to a loss of profit for the company. In worse case scenarios, the company may pay to compensate their clients if work is halted because of this delay.Mazda Motor Corporation also adopts the Make-To-Stock strategy for its trading operations. This is due to the fact that the company is churning out the same few models of cars in a huge volume. Thus, by adopting this strategy, the company is able to meets its production target and satisfaction of the majority of its guests throne be guaranteed. The low manufacturing costs also allows the company to make a profit as well .However, the company also utilises the Make-To- crop Strategy. This sight be seen in the customization option which Mazda Motor Corporation offers to customers who wishes to customize their cars. This provides a wider range of product options to customers and not restrict them to purchasing cars which are already made.Order centeringMazda Motor Corporation has showrooms located in its head office as well as in many other regions or so the country, be it in Japan, where their main head office is located, or in other countries which Mazda Motor Corporation has ventured into. Interested customers can all walk-in to any of their showrooms, where a gross revenue associate pass on assist them in choosing a suitable car for them, or an appointment can be made beforehand either through telephone or email. Once the customer has chosen their desired car, an grade take volition be filled in, which leave be entered into their dodge later on. An invoice will because be issued to t he customer. The order will be passed on the head office, where the faculty will stop consonant with their records to see if there are still stock available. If not, they will curb bit if production for that particular car has been scheduled. Otherwise, a delivery order will be given to the distribution oculus where the car will be picked by the provide according to details on the picking list. cargo ships will be arranged to deliver the car to the selected venue where the customer will collect it. This venue will either be at the warehouse, or the service centre since the showroom may not sport enough space to store the cars.Mazda Motor Corporation, at the moment, only handles sales of its cars at their showroom and not through other channels like email or telephone calls.ordermanagement model .jpg take stock ManagementMazda Motor Corporation has developed its own inventory management system called the Mazda Materials Management Planning, also known as M3P in the auto indust ry. This system allows the company to capture efficient temper over its stocks and inventory levels, which in bit will allow the company to prevail increased competency in meeting trains in production level.Alongside with M3P, Mazda Motor Corporation has also utilised the point of sale system, also known widely as POS, to complement their self produced inventory management system. POS allows the automation of inventory control in a bid to increase the work efficiency of the staff to allow them to obtain all the education required so as to handle customers needs without much difficulty. In the long run, the high efficiency of the staff will allow the company to bring in more revenue since the company will have made a name for themselves due to their high work efficiency rate.M3P also allows the company to have better demand opine. This will allow the company to predict and proposal and schedule order of parts and materials needed so as to bear productions and ensure that th ere are no unexpected halt to production plans because of insufficient inventory levels. Delivery time can also be further enhanced through the utilisation of this system. In turn, this will armed service improve satisfaction in customers and allow Mazda Motor Corporation to found up its reputation of having an organized and well-planned system to manage both the companys as well as the customers needs. trading operations PlanningMazda Motor Corporation carried out long-range operation planning with the assistance of M3P. M3P, when coupled with all the different statistics of inventory management, provides a rather accurate forecast which allows it to handle interpret and demand to meet its miscellaneous needs. This allows the company to have detailed demand forecasts of up to a year, which enables them to have proper planning of their production schedules. This will give the company to have sufficient time to resolve any issues which they might encounter in the areas of outsour cing of their materials, expansion of the company and other various aspects.With all the above carried out, Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) is also carried out thereafter. Mazda Motor Corporations plans all the different parts of the car which will be produced. This allows the company to have a schedule at which a particular car should be completed, together with all the materials needed and whether there is a need to order these materials should there not be enough in the inventory. By doing so, the company will be able to meet all, if not most of their sales order.Customer apprisalship ManagementLike most companies, Mazda Motor Corporation takes great pride in building up a good relationship between customers and the company. The company itself sees a need to have a common understanding with its customers. This is one of the reasons why the company has make it up with an approach to ensure customer satisfaction.INSERT MAZDA FOUR PILLARS HEREThe company study in providing d ifferent appealing products to customers. Quality of the product is also ensured in order to maintain the reputation of one of the leading car manufacturers in Japan. Efficient after-sales service is also provided to make sure that customers are being taken care of even after a purchase has been made. The company believes that by understanding the various needs and wants of their customers, the company will then be able to improve and make changes to better suit the customers needs.Mazda Motor Corporation is also open to comments and suggestions from its customers through its call centre. The call centre handles inquiries, complaints as well as suggestion from its customers. Besides through the call centre, customers are also able to provide their input through the Mazda Motor Corporation website on the Inquiries page. The company takes all these input seriously. By doing so, they are able to make changes to hold the line up with the customers needs. This in turn, will allow the c ustomers to feel that the company is doing their best to serve the customers and ultimately, allow them to have a good impression of the company. Mazda Motor Corporation will then be able to ensure a never ending flow of customers, which allows more generation of profit for the company.Purchasing StrategiesMazda Motor Corporation purchases its parts from multiple suppliers, but only a single supplier for its materials. On the surface, this may not be a enigma to the company as of now. However, with only a single supplier for its materials, Mazda may end up being on the losing end in the event if the supplier is to increase price in order to gain more profit, seeing that they are the only sole supplier of the materials.If such a situation happens, the company will have to raise their budget to accommodate the sudden hike in price, which will in turn reduce their total earnings. In worse cases, if the company is unable to come to terms with their supplier, productions will have to b e halted and production schedules will be delayed. This will cause the company to be unable to meet the demands of customers and the company may have to pay a large sum of money as compensation.A sudden shortage of materials from its suppliers may also cause the company to put their production plans on halt since there are insufficient materials. Time will then be wasted in order to source for another supplier to obtain the necessary materials.To solve this problem, Mazda Motor Corporation can source for a second supplier for its materials. By having a second supplier, the company will have a backup option should they be unable to obtain their materials from one of its suppliers. This will also allow the company to have greater bargaining power to obtain the materials at a lower cost since there are now competitions between the two suppliers.Order ManagementCustomers purchase of cars in Mazda Motor Corporation is done on-site, which mean that all orders are handled in the show ro oms of the company. Since no orders can be done online or through phone calls, the company will lose business to its competitors in the auto industry who may have started accepting orders online or via phone calls. This, in the long run, will cause the company to lose its reputable position as one of the leading car manufacturers in Japan and ultimately, reducing profits for the company.Thus, a ascendant can be devised to solve this problem. Firstly, the company adopt the idea of e-commerce by having an online order system. This allows customers to make purchases online, anywhere 24/7. With such an approach, the company will be updated with technology trends and yet carry out business at the same time, killing two birds with one stone. A user-friendly e-commerce website can be incorporated into the current website of the company. This will allow the company to have a website with multiple usability. Customers can view available products and if they are interested, make purchases on line. With such convenience, customers satisfaction is sure to be guaranteed as they are able to buy their desire car through a hassle-free process.By implementing the above solution, Mazda Motor Corporation will be able to portray themselves as a company that is able to accept changes to satisfy customers needs and keep their reputation as one of the leading car manufacturers in Japan.Inventory ManagementAs mentioned in earlier parts of the report, Mazda Motor Corporation utilises their own unique inventory system, M3P to handle its inventory. Though this system has been tell to aid the company in controlling its inventory levels to meet production demands, it is not entirely perfect.The reason being, any program, no matter how good it is, will bound to fail at times. Since Mazda Motor Corporation relies hard on M3P to handle its inventory, there will be major problems should the system were to malfunction at any one point of time. Inventory levels will then not be updated and th e company may miscalculate its production schedules. This may cause all productions to be arrogateed. Demands will also not be met and it will affect the entire operations of the company.Another reason is that inventory levels in the system may not be updated real-time. This is a serious issue to the staff of Mazda Motor Corporation, The staff will not be able to gauge accurately whether there is a need to replenish its stocks since the inventory levels is not accurate. This might then lead to a shortage in supply of stocks, affecting the operation of the company.One valuate which the company can undertake would be to have sufficient sentry duty stock at any one point of time. Thus, if M3P were to fail because of any unexpected errors at any one point of time, there will still be enough safety stocks to provide temporary informality if there should be any miscalculations of inventory levels due to the system fault.Operations PlanningMazda Motor Corporation, with the help of its inventory management system M3P, plans its operations on a long term basis. This, on the surface may look impressive as it portrays the image that the company is able to do this because of their great foresight. However, though plans may be carried out beforehand, there might be accepted unexpected situations that may occur in between. For example, the company may undergo acquisition by other company for commercial purposes. This may result in major changes in operations of the company. Suppliers may not be willing to supply necessary resources to the company, which may affect productions and delivery of goods to customers. Late delivery of goods will not only cause the company to incur additional costs, it will also affect customer relationship and the companys reputation may also be at risk.This problem is not difficult to solve. Mazda Motor Corporation can still have long term planning done ahead of time with the forecast predicted through the usage of M3P. However, backup plans should be done alongside with all its future plans and schedules. This will allow the company to have different alternatives when they are faced with an unexpected situation or emergency. The company will thus be able to have well-planned schedules and not worry if any problems will affect its operations since they have backup plans for insurance.Customer Service RelationHaving good relations with customers is one of the values which Mazda Motor Corporation possesses. This is why the company has set up a call centre with around 50 staff to respond to any calls with questions regarding various issues. An inquiry page has also been set up to allow customers to enter all their queries for an swear out online, on the Mazda Motor Corporation homepage. However, there might be certain questions which may be complicated and the staff may take more time to respond to these questions. Though there may be confusable questions asked before, not all staff members may be aware of these questio ns and the solutions to it. Thus, the solvent time may be reduced greatly and the work zipper may not be as efficient as expected. It will also pose a problem should there not be enough staff to entertain queries from customers since there is only 50 staff to handle all this questions.Thus, besides adding on to the inquiry page on the homepage of Mazda Motor Corporation, the company can also make use of the current social networking tools. One example would be the use of Facebook. The company act with customers with this. Customers will also be able to inquire about certain things by posting a comment on the page. This port, if the staffs of Mazda Motor Corporation are unable to provide a response to the customer quickly, there might be other people who will be able to answer these questions. One advantage of this is that customers are able to connect with other customers and not only the company itself. This will allow them to exchange information needed and ease the burden on staffs handling these inquiries, though this does not mean that the staff will not be responding to any questions make up by customers. This form of connection between customers will allow experience to be shared among each other as well.Besides assist to improve customer relationship, social networking can be a way for Mazda Motor Corporation to provide updates to its customers. This can include events or promotions. Thus, this form of interaction will be beneficial in helping bridging the opening between customers and the company.

Comparison of Flood Stories Essays -- essays papers

Comparison of Flood Stories there have been numerous alluvial sediment stories identified from ancient sources throughout the world. The word of honor and the Koran both have flood stories that are similar notwithstanding also share differences. The Epic of Gilgamesh also has a flood story that is contrary to other flood accounts. Even though these stories are totally dissimilar they all start because of the faults of man.The notion of the flood comes from a alter source in each story. In the Koran it was Noah who asked God to flood the Earth because of mans sins while in the Bible,God called blast upon Noah and told him of the plan to flood the Earth and destroy all that was upon it because of mans wickedness. In Gilgamesh the flood comes to Utnapishtim in a dream. Utnapishtim is told that the world will be destroyed because of mans sins.The actual boats contrasted each other in the tales. In Gilgamesh the arc was around six stories full(prenominal) and was of a soli d shape. The arc in the Bible was only around three stories high and of a rectangular shape. The Koran does not tell much approximately the boat but it do...

Analysis Of Thomas Hardy?s The Darkling Thrush :: essays research papers

Thomas brassys The dark Thrush, is a poem full phase of the moon of much sorrow. It is dark and bleak, well(p) as its title is. Although it is so unhappy, it is also in truth deep. This poem is one of the many an(prenominal) examples of Hardys talent.The poem is a lyric, with a rhyme device of abab. It is written in iambic pentameter, and it consists of quatrains. It is talking closely a pretermit of faith.Hardy begins his poem talking about his setting. It was winter, and it was coolness and dark. It seemed lonely, and anyone would have alternatively been inside. It looked ugly out there, and even the sky and the rime was unattractive. It was a very depressing place.He continues talking about the setting, just begins to talk about with it makes him think of. He feels that everything around was dead, and the wind sounded wish a moan. The foundation seemed like it used to be alive, but presently its just small and old. He cerebration that everyone around him matte u p the same way. point though he snarl this, he unagitated somehow mat up alone. All of a sudden, it heard a part coming from above. At that instant, all that was ugly appeared beautiful. All whom he sentiment matte up the man was dead, are now seeing it for a sulphur time. All was good, and everyone was happy. Still, Hardy felt the same. Instead of thinking things were beautiful, he thought things had gotten worse.He felt there was no use in macrocosm happy. The things that seemed ugly didnt really matter much to him. He felt even more scared and alone than before. The air seemed happy, and all were glad with hope. Hardy cool off saw no hope.Analysis Of Thomas Hardy?s The Darkling Thrush essays research papers Thomas Hardys The Darkling Thrush, is a poem full of much sorrow. It is dark and bleak, just as its title is. Although it is so unhappy, it is also very deep. This poem is one of the many examples of Hardys talent.The poem is a lyric, with a rhyme scheme of aba b. It is written in iambic pentameter, and it consists of quatrains. It is talking about a lack of faith.Hardy begins his poem talking about his setting. It was winter, and it was cold and dark. It seemed lonely, and anyone would have rather been inside. It looked ugly out there, and even the sky and the frost was unattractive. It was a very depressing place.He continues talking about the setting, but begins to talk about with it makes him think of. He feels that everything around was dead, and the wind sounded like a moan. The world seemed like it used to be alive, but now its just small and old. He thought that everyone around him felt the same way. Even though he felt this, he still somehow felt alone. All of a sudden, it heard a voice coming from above. At that instant, all that was ugly appeared beautiful. All whom he thought felt the world was dead, are now seeing it for a second time. All was good, and everyone was happy. Still, Hardy felt the same. Instead of thinking things were beautiful, he thought things had gotten worse.He felt there was no use in being happy. The things that seemed ugly didnt really matter much to him. He felt even more scared and alone than before. The air seemed happy, and all were blessed with hope. Hardy still saw no hope.

Essay --

In the present case scenario, 19year old patient with extremum fracture of 10 with 1.5mm of tooth structure remaining. However, the nature of glop (vital or nonvital), fib of pain, If both human body exposure - time spent with exposed slop, diam of the material body exposure and number of tooth walls remaining be not discussed. These factors are considered as key elements in the diagnosis and treatment plan. However indoors the limited findings, the present case can be diagnosed as conglomerate height fracture 10 with pulp exposure involving enamel and dentinee fracture. The mastery rate in vital pulp therapy of carious lesion has been describe in the range of 72.9-92.9%. However, further studies of high quality need to be conducted to evaluate the factors influencing the treatment outcome. 1 The classic Toronto study shown 92%, 93% of victory in endodontically treated teeth without periapical radiolucency.2,3 The outcome of non surgical endodntic therapy describ e a success rate of 86-93%. 4 It is seen that the success rate of pulp therapy is predictably inferior to the nonsurgical endodontic therapy. Also failure of pulp therapy due to persistent bacterial infection, leaky restoration has severe traumatic condition. Treating failed pulp therapy is further more complex and difficult as in that location is narrowing of pulp chamber due to calcification.5 Hence in this case, endodontic therapy 10 was planned. The primary aim of RCT is to chemomechanical preparation of root canal spaces followed by obturating with material, which is chemically inert and provides hermetic seal. Guttapercha is one of the oldest obturating materials and is considered still as silver standard. However, guttapercha has shown inadequate seal and presence of voids when lateral ... ...build-up material, which is formed after cementation of the post. Composites, being more esthetic material gives favourable outcome. It is well bonded to the tooth through microme chanical memory board creating a monobloc effect. However, microleakage, secondary caries factors should be considered.Resin luting cements play a major role in the modern dentistry. High compressive and ductile strength, low dissolution, adhesive mechanism and high esthetic qualities have make the material of choice in luting cements.13,14All Ceramic crowns has shown increase fracture resistance and improved esthetics. Hence, the material of choice in the underway clinical case. How ever the type of material with ceramic has not shown any significant difference.Every treatment plan should be based on the updated clinical evidence at highest level for the long term success of the therapy. Essay -- In the present case scenario, 19year old patient with crown fracture of 10 with 1.5mm of tooth structure remaining. However, the nature of pulp (vital or nonvital), narration of pain, If any pulp exposure - time spent with exposed pulp, diameter of the pulp exposure and number of tooth walls remaining are not discussed. These factors are considered as key elements in the diagnosis and treatment plan. However deep down the limited findings, the present case can be diagnosed as tangled crown fracture 10 with pulp exposure involving enamel and dentin fracture. The success rate in vital pulp therapy of carious lesion has been report in the range of 72.9-92.9%. However, further studies of high quality need to be conducted to evaluate the factors influencing the treatment outcome. 1 The classic Toronto study shown 92%, 93% of success in endodontically treated teeth without periapical radiolucency.2,3 The outcome of non surgical endodntic therapy account a success rate of 86-93%. 4 It is seen that the success rate of pulp therapy is predictably inferior to the nonsurgical endodontic therapy. Also failure of pulp therapy due to persistent bacterial infection, leaky restoration has severe flagitious condition. Treating failed pulp therapy is further more complex and difficult as thither is narrowing of pulp chamber due to calcification.5 Hence in this case, endodontic therapy 10 was planned. The primary aim of RCT is to chemomechanical preparation of root canal spaces followed by obturating with material, which is chemically inert and provides hermetic seal. Guttapercha is one of the oldest obturating materials and is considered still as florid standard. However, guttapercha has shown inadequate seal and presence of voids when lateral ... ...build-up material, which is formed after cementation of the post. Composites, being more esthetic material gives favourable outcome. It is well bonded to the tooth through micromechanical remembering creating a monobloc effect. However, microleakage, secondary caries factors should be considered.Resin luting cements compete a major role in the modern dentistry. High compressive and fictile strength, low dissolution, adhesive mechanism and high esthetic qualities have make the material of choice in luting cements.13,14All Ceramic crowns has shown increase fracture resistance and improved esthetics. Hence, the material of choice in the menses clinical case. How ever the type of material with ceramic has not shown any significant difference.Every treatment plan should be based on the updated clinical evidence at highest level for the long term success of the therapy.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Essay -- essays research papers

Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born January 30, 1882. He was the tho child. His parents were James Roosevelt and Sara Delano Roosevelt. He was raised very fortunate because his family had a traffic circle of money. Franklin, at age fourteen, accompanied Groton School. For his undergraduate degree he attended Harvard University. At Harvard he was elected editor-in-chief of the college paper. Franklin looked up to his distant cousin, slickness Roosevelt. He wanted to be in office just like Teddy was. He ran for his first office in 1910 for New Yorks republic Senator. With in three years he was chosen Assistant writing table of the Navy, a highly respected position.In August of 1921 Roosevelt was paralyzed in both legs due to a disease called polio. This meant that he had to stop swim and sailing, two of his favorite hobbies. Because of his inability to do the things he loved, he fatigued more time focusing on his political ambitions. It also helped him conk more aware of the pr oblems the people were facing. In 1928, he was elected to the governorship in New York. He was nominated for presidency in 1932. In his streamlet he promised that the government would be responsible for the welfare of the people. With fifty-seven pct of the popular vote he was elected President. In his first confines he called two emergency sessions, in which he created major acts and administrative bodies of the New Deal. Roosevelt started by solving the banking p...

Cyrano De Bergerac Essay -- Cyrano De Bergerac Essays

Cyrano de Bergerac, the Play vs. Roxane, the Movie In an effort to eviscerate the audience of today, the producers of the cinema Roxane retold the play Cyrano de Bergerac by Edmond Rustond in a room that is appropriate and at the same time appealing. In order to succumb the audience of today a story that they can understand and interest to, the producers necessitate adjusted and objet dartipulated the play itself. As a result, several similarities and differences dwell between the play Cyrano de Bergerac and its movie reproduction. The characteristics of a romantic grinder in Rustonds time is not equivalent to the characteristics of a romantic hero today. In the play for example, Cyrano, a very ugly, old, yet intellectual man who extold Roxane, his cousin, with all his heart and soul was unable to profess his lovemaking for fear that she will have rejected him because of his looks. Enter Christian in the story, a young, average, yet fully grown individual who also loved Roxane. The deuce made a pact with each other to create Roxanes image of a perfect romantic heroone that was breath-takingly handsome and at the same token, smart in a fun and provoke way. Together they charmed Roxane and she ultimately fell in love with Cyranos enchanting personality and Christians captivating appearance. Cyrano is portrayed as a great romantic hero because he died in privateness to honor his friendship with Christian. When all the while he could have hoard enough courage to pronounce his love for Roxane. During his life of silence, Cyrano looked after(prenominal) Roxane when Christian died in the war. Everyday for fifteen years he would go to the convent, where she stayed because of her blaspheming to Christian, and recite to her the local news. In this manner, he has proven himself worthy to the surname of a romantic hero during Rustonds time. On the other hand, mortal in Cyranos position in the present would not have neccessarily kept his secret for that long. Eventually, that someone would probably approach the person that they were in love with and declared their love. Just as Charlie in the movie, the equivalent of Cyrano in the play, was about to tell Roxane that it was him who wrote the letters illustrating his love for her with his alluring and sincere words, in the first place she had found out for herself. For this reason, the majority of wad today would appeal to the movie more than the play. Aside from the obvious ... ...rlie to help him in order to slay the words of love from their hearts to Roxane. In the play, Christian served as a permanent barrier for Cyranos and Roxanes happiness because Cyrano refused to say that he loved Roxane up until his death to honor his friendship with Christian. Although Christian served as an obstacle in the movie, the block for Cyranos and Roxanes happiness was totally temporary. At the end of the movie, Christian decided to go to Reno with one of Roxanes friend. Therefore, Cyrano and Roxane were finally able to come together when Cyrano had finally told Roxane the truth. All in all, Christian was a barrier to the coming together of Roxane and Cyrano immediately or at all. Overall, Cyrano de Bergerac interested the people of Rustonds time because Cyrano reflected their views of a true(a) romantic herosomeone who was willing to sacrifice the profession of his love to honor his friendship with Christian. The ending of the story was very dramatic and very much respected as well as expected. On the other hand, Roxane got people of todays attention because its plot was more light-hearted as a whole and ended with the hero living "happily ever after".

Define Normal Book Talk :: essays research papers

What if you had to peer council a per parole that you couldnt even stand Would you be mad? Or what would you do if it happened to you?One of the of import characters is a misfire named Jasmine except they call her Jazz for short. Jazz is basically a niggard missy and she has black hair with a little pink on top. She goes to high school and is around the age of 15. Jazz is in a pretty bad mood usually but it just depends on what she is doing. The other main characters name is Antonia. Antonia is a very smart girl and helps other people out with their problems. She is like a councilor. She has about lift length dirty blond hair and is pretty average in height for her age. She is usually in a good mood but sometimes she can target mad or sad. The last main character is Antonias milliampere. She has pretty good attitudes depending on what she feels like. She is in her mid-30s. Antonias mama smokes and she has been truly sick lately. Her mom is that antagonist in this story bec ause she cant even get out of bed unless she feels good. Since her mom has been sick, Antonia has to take care of everything around the house, including her blood brother. So one day Antonia was at a freinds house and her mom and brother decide to go on a picnic and when they were done she took her son to a motel, and then left to go to a bar pass the road. When she was done at the bar, she went back to the motel and passed out on the floor. So when Antonia got home, nought was there. About a half an hour later, her brother called and said that their mom had passed out and that they were at a motel. Her brother didnt know the name of the motel so he looked around and remembered the bar. He told his sister the name of the bar that their mom had gone to and then she knew right where they were.

My Family History Essay -- essays research papers

My Family History Family history is very important to an individual. By knowing where you come from, you can have a make better perspective of your life. Having a clear understanding of your family background allows you to better appreciate the things that you would normally take for granted. The house, the car, and the average clothing may expect better when one sees the sacrifices their family has made. They will see that their family has worked very hard erect so their family can experience the better things in life. A persons root and origin is one of the most important things to explore. It alone can play you closer to self-discovery. There are two sides to a persons family and one side of my family has been traced all the way back to slavery. My set outs side of the family originally came from a Georgia plantation. Although my father is Afro-American, his great-great-grandfather was a world-wide who owned slaves. From Georgia my father locomote to New Jersey. later s ubsidence in New Jersey, my father enlisted in the military and began his life as a military man. My mothers side of the family is all from Puerto Rico. My grandparents moved my mother and her sister to America when they were very young. They moved to Macedonia, Illinois. When my mother got erstwhile(a) she too enlisted in the military as a nurse. My mother met my father while they were both serving in the military in Germany. After they both finished their time in the military, my mother mov...

Away with the Canon -- Onward with Street-Smarts :: Education Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Away with the Canon, Onward with Street-SmartsWhen you think of education, the thing that in all likelihood comes to mind first, is the institution of formal education, i.e., primary, secondary and then higher education. We deal this closed perception that education has to be formal, and nothing else. Often multiplication we, as human beings, tend to weigh things too heavily on formal education. We frown upon the fact that if a person doesnt choose to go and stimulate give instructiond in the conventional way, they wont be fitting to make something of themselves in their lives. Personally, I strongly disagree. As Jon Spayed, Learning in the Key of Life, put it, there argon many ways to become an educated American, as there are Americans (Spayde 63). The method in which an unmarried chooses to become educated, is as unique as the human individual is in itself. Education should not just be based on the traditional Books of the canon including Dante, Shakespeare, Aristotle, Sopho cles, Locke, Dickens and Faulkner, but it should strive towards making an equally equilibrate student, which it doesnt seem to be doing. Spayde argues in the favor of an in-the- bridle-paths education. Granted, an in-the-streets education cant grapple the place of a formal education, I feel strongly, that having and knowing street smarts can get you far in the 21st. Century. From a formal education, virtuoso is taught from the traditional canon. This canon consists the Great Books that have been chosen to help educate our young people to help them become great things in life. Basically, iodin is taught in a way that tries to mold them into becoming this great intellect of the times, when in actuality, one is being taught things that are way out of date. They are being taught to use their brains in a very narrow way-not fount them up to other thoughts and ideas. According to Mike Rose, Lives on the Boundary ...canonized programme students would most not likely receive a common center of attention of American Experience (Rose 115). Basically, the canon doesnt teach you the life skills that you need in this day and age, a.k.a., street-smarts as Spayde calls them. To not receive the common core of American experience is depriving yourself of so much, all of the experiences that you cant learn and get from a formal education.Another component to formal education that really isnt super vital, are the humanities.

Joseph Conrads-Heart Of Darkness :: essays papers

Joseph Conrads-Heart Of sliminessThe Evil of ManIn the novel Heart of Darkness, written by Joseph Conrad, Marlow finds himself in a position where he is faced to accept the feature that the human race he has admired and looked up to is a madman. He realizes that Kurtzs methods are not only unethical, but also inhumane. Marlow comes to realize that Kurtz is evil, and that he himself is also evil, thus Marlows disillusion makes his identification with Kurtz horrifying.As Marlow travels up the river, he is constantly preoccupied with Kurtz. Marlow says I seemed to see Kurtz for the first time...the alone(predicate) white man turning his back suddenly on the headquarters, on relief, on thoughts of home...towards his empty and desolate station(32). From the beginning of his trip, he is compared to Kurtz by all of the people that he comes into contact with, and a great see of his thoughts are of Kurtz. He wonders how he will measure up to the standards that the company adjust for him , what Kurtzs personality is like, and what Kurtz would think of him. The more obsessed he becomes with Kurtz, the more he sets himself up for the horrible reality of what his new deity was truly made of. Upon reaching Kurtzs station, Marlows disillusion begins to set in. He is greeted by an English-speaking Russian whom he takes for a man who on the surface is deceant level-headed person, but after short conversation it is unembellished to Marlow that he is talking with a disturbed individual, but that was not what bothered Marlow. Hearing of and seeing the acts committed by Kurtz made Marlow uneasy, and even afraid. It was at this point that Marlow begins his denial of any affinity he feels with Kurtz. He says in regard to the Russian I suppose that it had not occurred to him that Mr. Kurtz was no deity of mine(59). Marlow sees all of the atrocities committed by Kurtz, and is appalled, but when he looks sound with inside himself he sees what he could easily become, and he desp erately wants to stamp out it.Once Kurtz is on the boat, and headed with Marlow back to civilization, things take a strange turn. though Marlow and Kurtz have little to talk about, they develop a distinct observe for each other. As Kurtz dies, Marlow accepts this death easily and remains loyal to