H.R.111 Breast Cancer Patient Protection Act of 2011 Research Paper

H.R.111 Breast genus Cancer Patient Protection Act of 2011 - Research Paper ExampleThe vertex aims to ensure that insurance coverage be provided for the inpatient hospital stay for a minimum time period post mastectomy and for outpatient stay in lumpectomy. Conflicting arguments prevent a consensus on the bill. On one move over it is claimed that post face surgery the patient need physical c ar, guidance as well as psychological counseling. On the other hand researchers provide evidence in favor of ambulatory bureau surgery. The current paper presents a comprehensive view of the various aspects of H. R. 111 bill and its impact on supports role if enacted. H.R.111 bosom cancer PATIENT PROTECTION ACT OF 2009 BACKGROUND BREAST CANCER Cancer involves system of lump or tumor within a specific organ collectible to uncontrolled division of cells. Breast cancers effects lobules in breasts and have been defined as the cancer of tissues of the breast, ordinarily the communication channels and lobules. It occurs in both male and female breast although male breast cancer is rare. (National Cancer Institute, 2011) Breasts are modified skin glands located between the clavicles and sixth to eighth rib on the federal agency wall, and develop from the mammary ridge in the embryo. The gland tissue or lobules in the breast are responsible for milk production and are connected by ducts to the nipples. Besides the lobules and the ducts, breast also comprises of fatty, connecter and lymphatic tissue. Recent studies provide evidence for the presence of more than 20 lobes or segments comprising of major lactiferous ducts pertain in conducting milk to the nipples from the lobules. Each lobule, also known as the terminal portion of the duct formation comprises of multiple ductules that form its glandular acini, and the specialized connection tissue enveloping it. The rest of the breast comprises of stromal connective tissues that are histologically distinct. The termi nal duct along with its lobular unit is termed as terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU), and is usually the points of origin of lung cancer. It has been hypothesized that this area possesses stem cells which are responsible for the tumor formation (Kopans, 2007). In situ breast cancer includes cancers restricted to ducts (ductal carcinoma in situ or DCIS), and lobules (lobular carcinoma in situ or LCIS) i.e. the tumor corpse within its invest of origin. In contrast invasive cancer refers to tumor spread beyond the place of origin, the severity of which is determined by the level of invasiveness. The cancers are diagnosed through needle or surgical biopsy. INCIDENCES OF BREAST CANCER Breasts cancers are the second most prevalent form of cancer next to skin cancer affecting women in US. During the class 2008, 40,480 women and 450 men were reported to have died from breast cancer. In the same year 182,460 and 1990 new cases of invasive breast cancer were reported for women and men respec tively. With changes in life style patterns, and productive behavior the risks for circumstance of breast cancer are expect to rise. On the basis of data for the occurrence of breast cancer in the period spanning 1995-2007, it has been estimated that during the year 2011 a total of 230,480 new cases of invasive breast cancer and 75,650 additional cases of in situ breast cancer will be diagnosed. Further 39,520 women are expected to suffer death due to breast cancer making it the second major cancer in terms of mortality (next to lung cancer). Women become more vulnerable to breast cancer with advancing age the threat rising sharply