Reasons for bullying behaviour Essay

Olweus (1980) identified that hector children argon unremarkably impulsive and hold in an aggressive temperament and children who argon bullied have a shy or weak temperament. Some of the children who ar bullied deprivation assertiveness skills. Also, being different in some mien such(prenominal) as being from a different ethnic stem increments the chances of being bullied. In addition, children with special educational needs, with a physical deadening or mild or moderate learning difficulties are in addition at risk of getting bullied.Researches conducted by Petterson, DeBaryshe and Ramsay (1989) also identifies factors at primeation as reasons for ruffleing. Factors such as escape of warmth between the parents or among other members of the family, use of physical violence within the family or lack of clear guidance for behaviour to the children or even lack of observe of childrens activities. Study conducted by Olweus (1980) in Norvegia also indicated links of famil y setting to push virtually. For bullied children, Olweus (1993) lay down that over-protective parenting may increase the risk of being bullied.Children in over-protected family environments usually do not develop skills as much as children who are independent and hence arrest vulnerable by the bullies. Bowers, Smith and Binney (1992) conducted research on the childrens, who are either the bullies or the victims, perception of their families. They studied and compared the perceptions of bullies, victims, bully/victims and control children. The study indicated that many bullies and bully/victims comprehend that their families were relatively absentminded affection among the family members.The study also revealed that there were very poor monitor procedures. The children who are only involved in hector perceived that their families have power relationships between the siblings and the other members of the family. In this case of bully/victims the children perceived difficultie s with the parental behaviour such as punitive ness and lack of involvement. The children perceived that their parents were to a greater extent concerned about their own position in the family. (Smith, P. K. et al, 2007) Peer-level characteristics associated with bullying and victimisationPeers are considered to be the most influential chemical group in issues related to bullying. Various studies such as Espelage et al (2003), Pellegrini & foresightful (2002), Rodkin et al (2000) have studied the influence of helpmates in how individuals take to attack and bullying. Homophily Hypothesis This hypothesis is based on the similarity of individuals within a group. In the late childhood and early adolescence, the peer group becomes super important for the individuals. During this time, the peer group involves in similar behavioural dimensions such as smoking, academic achievements and so on.This similarity within the group is called homophily. In studies conducted on middle school st udents, homophily was found to be true in explaining the extent of how much the peer influenced each other in bullying their peers. The effect of peers was found to be higher for bullying than fighting. This provided evidence that peer influence plays an important role in low-level aggression than fighting. It was found that students generally hang out with the kids who bullied others. It was found that the students who bullied at similar frequency were found to hang out more.Dominance surmise Dominance theory is based on the observation that during the early adolescence, children look to increase their dominance. Pellegrini (2002) sight that the transition to middle school requires children to renegotiate their dominance relationships. Bullying is found to be a deliberate strategy for attaining the dominance, especially in a newly formed peer groups. Studies indicate that bullying was used more frequently by boys who targeted their aggression towards other boys during this trans ition.This theory is structured around the complex interaction among the adolescent for the need of dominance, changes in the social purlieu and peer-group structure and the desire to interact with the opposite sex. affection Theory Attraction theory is based on the change in behaviour of youthful adolescents. It focuses on their need to establish a separation from their parents and also become attracted to other people in their age group who possess characteristics that is a reflection of independence. This independence can be interpreted as delinquency, aggression, disobedience and similar characteristics.In this period, these adolescents are less attracted to individuals who possess characteristics of childhood such as compliance and obedience. This makes these early adolescents attracted to peers who are aggressive. This was also found during a study of 217 boys and girls by Bukowski, who found that the girls and boys were more attracted to aggressive peers when they entered the middle school. The increase in attraction for aggressiveness was more for girls. The different theories, especially the homophily hypothesis, dominance theory and attraction theory demonstrate the complex nature of bullying during the early years of adolescence.